第1 章 用于环境管理的生物炭 ········································································ 1__eol__1.1 生物炭的定义 ·····················································································1__eol__1.2 生物炭研究及其应用历史 ······································································3__eol__1.3　生物炭系统 ························································································5__eol__1.4　土壤改良 ···························································································7__eol__1.5　缓解气候变化和减少养分流失 ································································7__eol__1.6　废物处理 ···························································································8__eol__1.7　能源生产 ···························································································8__eol__1.8　生物炭研究的现状、发展和展望 ·····························································9__eol__参考文献 ······························································································· 10__eol__第2 章 生物炭的传统用法 ·············································································13__eol__2.1　引言 ······························································································· 13__eol__2.2　欧洲 ······························································································· 16__eol__2.2.1　新石器时代和青铜器时代 ··························································· 16__eol__2.2.2　中世纪厚熟表层土壤栽培 ··························································· 17__eol__2.2.3　“蚂蚁”——地中海地区的传统施肥技术 ········································ 19__eol__2.3　亚洲 ······························································································· 21__eol__2.3.1　中国古代稻田 ·········································································· 21__eol__2.3.2　东南亚—婆罗洲 ······································································· 22__eol__2.3.3　日本 ······················································································ 23__eol__2.4　澳大利亚和新西兰 ············································································· 24__eol__2.5　非洲 ······························································································· 25__eol__2.6　南美洲 ···························································································· 26__eol__2.6.1　巴西（Terra Preta deíndio） ··························································· 26__eol__2.6.2　秘鲁 ······················································································ 27__eol__2.7　结论 ······························································································· 28__eol__参考文献 ······························································································· 28__eol__第3 章 生物炭制备的基本原理 ·······································································33__eol__3.1　引言 ······························································································· 33__eol__3.2　木炭制备的历史和工艺 ······································································· 34__eol__3.3　生物质填料热解的基本概念 ································································· 39__eol__3.4　木炭的产量和性质 ············································································· 45__eol__3.5　结论与展望 ······················································································ 49__eol__参考文献 ······························································································· 49__eol__第4 章 生物炭制备技术 ················································································55__eol__4.1　引言 ······························································································· 55__eol__4.2　热化学转化技术 ················································································ 56__eol__4.3　生物炭制备反应器的选择标准 ······························································ 57__eol__4.4　反应器类型、运行方式和工艺参数 ························································ 61__eol__4.4.1　热化学反应器中的氧气含量 ·································