前辅文
 Introduction
  1 Linguistics and English linguistics
  2 Structure of the book
 Part I Language System
 Overview
  Chapter One What Is Language?
   1.1 The nature of language
    1.1.1 Defining language
    1.1.2 The design features of language
   1.2 Distinctions between important concept pairs in linguistic study
    1.2.1 Synchronic and diachronic
    1.2.2 Langue and parole
    1.2.3 Competence and performance
    1.2.4 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
  Chapter Two Phonetics
   2.1 Speech organs
   2.2 Consonants and vowels
    2.2.1 The International Phonetic Alphabet
    2.2.2 Describing the English consonants
    2.2.3 Describing the English vowels
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
  Chapter Three Phonology
   3.1 Important concepts in phonology
    3.1.1 Phonemes
    3.1.2 Minimal pairs and sets
    3.1.3 Phonemes, phones and allophones
   3.2 Identifying phonemes
    3.2.1 Environment and distribution
    3.2.2 Three types of distribution
   3.3 Sequences of phonemes
   3.4 Co-articulation effects
    3.4.1 Assimilation
    3.4.2 Elision
   3.5 Supra-segmental features
    3.5.1 Stress
    3.5.2 Tone and intonation
    3.5.3 Juncture
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
  Chapter Four Morphology
   4.1 What is morphology?
   4.2 Morphemes
   4.3 Classifications of morphemes
    4.3.1 Roots and affixes
    4.3.2 Free morphemes and bound morphemes
    4.3.3 Prefixes, suffixes and infixes
    4.3.4 Inflectional and derivational affixes
    4.3.5 Root, base, and stem
   4.4 Morphemes, morphs and allomorphs
   4.5 Empty morph and zero morph
   4.6 Morphemic analysis
   4.7 The role of morphology in English
    4.7.1 Grammatical functions of inflectional morphology
    4.7.2 Derivational morphology and word-formation processes
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
  Chapter Five Syntax
   5.1 Structural description of sentences
    5.1.1 Syntactic relations
     5.1.1.1 Sequential (syntagmatic) relations
     5.1.1.2 Substitutional (paradigmatic) relations
     5.1.1.3 Hierarchical relations
    5.1.2 Labeled IC analysis and the hierarchical structuring of English sentences
   5.2 Generation of sentences
    5.2.1 Surface structure and deep structure
    5.2.2 A general description of phrase structure rules (PS rules)
     5.2.2.1 Noun phrases and adjective phrases
     5.2.2.2 Verb phrases and auxiliary phrases
    5.2.3 Transformational rules
     5.2.3.1 T-Affix
     5.2.3.2 Passivization
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
  Chapter Six Semantics
   6.1 What is meaning?
   6.2 Lexical semantics
    6.2.1 Componential analysis
     6.2.1.1 What is componential analysis?
     6.2.1.2 General and specific semantic features
     6.2.1.3 Redundant semantic features
     6.2.1.4 Semantic classes
    6.2.2 Semantic field
     6.2.2.1 What is a semantic field?
     6.2.2.2 Sense relationships
    6.2.3 Lexical ambiguity
     6.2.3.1 Polysemy
     6.2.3.2 Homonymy
    6.2.4 Collocations in English
   6.3 Sentence semantics
    6.3.1 What is essential for determining sentence meaning?
    6.3.2 Semantic roles
    6.3.3 Grammatical functions and semantic roles
    6.3.4 Semantic anomaly
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
 Part II Language Use
 Overview
  Chapter Seven General Principles of Communication
   7.1 The Cooperative Principle
    7.1.1 The four maxims of the Cooperative Principle
    7.1.2 Violation of the maxims and conversational implicature
   7.2 The Politeness Principle
   7.3 The Principle of Relevance
    7.3.1 The basic principle
    7.3.2 Contextual effects and processing effort
    7.3.3 Optimal relevance
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
  Chapter Eight Intercultural Communication
   8.1 Important concepts
    8.1.1 What is culture?
    8.1.2 What is communication?
    8.1.3 What is intercultural communication?
   8.2 Language and culture
    8.2.1 The impact of language on culture
    8.2.2 The impact of culture on language
     8.2.2.1 Impact at the lexical level
     8.2.2.2 Impact at the discourse level
   8.3 Diverse intercultural communication patterns
    8.3.1 Low-context and high-context communication
    8.3.2 Direct and indirect verbal communication
    8.3.3 Person-oriented and status-oriented verbal communication
    8.3.4 Self-enhancement and self-effacement communication
   8.4 Potential problems in intercultural communication
    8.4.1 Seeking similarities
    8.4.2 Stereotyping
    8.4.3 Prejudice
    8.4.4 Ethnocentrism
    8.4.5 Culture shock
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
  Chapter Nine Language Variety
   9.1 Language—dialect—regional dialect—social dialect
    9.1.1 Language and dialect
    9.1.2 Regional dialects
    9.1.3 Social dialects
   9.2 Lingua franca—pidgin—creole
    9.2.1 Lingua franca
    9.2.2 Pidgin
    9.2.3 Creole
   9.3 Style—genre—taboo—euphemism
    9.3.1 Style
    9.3.2 Genre
    9.3.3 Taboo
    9.3.4 Euphemism
   9.4 Gender and language use
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
 Part III Language Learning
 Overview
  Chapter Ten Major Issues in SLA
   10.1 Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
   10.2 Error Analysis
   10.3 The Interlanguage Hypothesis
   10.4 The Monitor Model
   10.5 The Output Hypothesis
   10.6 The Open-Choice Principle and the Idiom Principle
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
  Chapter Eleven Factors Affecting Second Language Learning
   11.1 Factors not easily modified by learners
    11.1.1 Anxiety
    11.1.2 Inhibition and risk-taking
    11.1.3 Extroversion/Introversion
   11.2 Factors easily modified by learners
    11.2.1 Motivation and attitudes
    11.2.2 Self-esteem
    11.2.3 Learner strategies
     11.2.3.1 Language learning strategies
     11.2.3.2 Language use strategies
     11.2.3.3 Differences between effective and ineffective learners
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
  Chapter Twelve Developing an Intercultural Communicative Competence
   12.1 A brief review of current models of second language competence
   12.2 Why are current models inadequate?
   12.3 A model of intercultural communicative competence
   12.4 Intercultural competence in communicative language use
   Summary
   Suggestions for study
   Questions and exercises
   Mini-research project
  References