目录
 前辅文
 Part One Linguistics in Antiquity
  Chapter One The History of Linguistics Since Plato
   1.1 Plato
    1.1.1 Function of language
    1.1.2 Nature versus convention
    1.1.3 Idea and reality
    1.1.4 Denotation and connotation
   1.2 Aristotle
    1.2.1 Rhetoric
    1.2.2 Rational investigation of language
    1.2.3 Categories
    1.2.4 Form
    1.2.5 Poetics
   1.3 The Stoics
    1.3.1 Logic
    1.3.2 Signification, signifier and the name-bearer
   1.4 The Alexandrian School
    1.4.1 Meter and poetry
    1.4.2 Dionysius Thrax
    1.4.3 Apollonius Dyscolus
   1.5 Roman linguistics
    1.5.1 Varro
    1.5.2 Priscian
   1.6 Medieval linguistics
    1.6.1 Speculative grammar
    1.6.2 Modistae
   1.7 Cartesian linguistics
    1.7.1 Language is human-specific
    1.7.2 Mind and body
    1.7.3 Mind and ideas
    1.7.4 Semantic interpretation versus phonetic interpretation
    1.7.5 Universality and Port-Royal Grammar
   1.8 Historical-Comparative linguistics and Neogrammarian
    1.8.1 Historical linguistics
    1.8.2 Comparative linguistics
    1.8.3 The Neogrammarians
   1.9 Linguistics in ancient India
  Chapter Two The History of Linguistics in China
   2.1 The Philosophy of language
    2.1.1 Laozi: Arbitrariness
    2.1.2 Confucius: Zhengming
    2.1.3 Mozi: Language utilitarianism
    2.1.4 Mencius: Innate moral intuition
    2.1.5 Later Mohist dialecticians
    2.1.6 Gongsun Long and Hui Shi:The School of Names
    2.1.7 Zhuangzi: Skeptical relativism
    2.1.8 Xunzi: Confucian conventionalism
   2.2 Phonology
    2.2.1 Old Chinese pronunciation studies
    2.2.2 The influence of Buddhism
    2.2.3 Middle Chinese phonological studies
    2.2.4 Phonological studies in Ming and Qing dynasties
   2.3 Chinese orthography
    2.3.1 The invention of Chinese characters
    2.3.2 The Six Scripts
    2.3.3 A Dictionary of Etymology
    2.3.4 The Right Element Principle
    2.3.5 The Qing period
   2.4 Philology
    2.4.1 Scope of the discipline
    2.4.2 Han dynasty scholars
    2.4.3 From Yuan to Qing dynasties
 Part Two Structuralism
  Chapter Three Saussure: The Path to Synchrony
   3.1 Background
   3.2 General ideas
    3.2.1 Issues of comparative and historical linguistics
    3.2.2 Sound and thought
    3.2.3 The role of linguistics in semiology
    3.2.4 Diachrony and synchrony in linguistics
    3.2.5 The langue-parole dichotomy
    3.2.6 Arbitrariness and linearity of signs
    3.2.7 Syntagmatic and associative relations
    3.2.8 Values and differences
    3.2.9 Syntagmatic and associative relations
   3.3 Assessment
    3.3.1 Merits
    3.3.2 Issues
  Chapter Four American Structuralism
   4.1 Background
   4.2 Franz Boas
   4.3 Edward Sapir
    4.3.1 Background
    4.3.2 General ideas
    4.3.3 Basic tenets
   4.4 Leonard Bloomfield
    4.4.1 Background
    4.4.2 General ideas
    4.4.3 The Bloomfieldian assumptions
   4.5 Other American Structuralists
    4.5.1 Sapir's followers
    4.5.2 Post-Bloomfieldian scholars
   4.6 Assessment
    4.6.1 Merits
    4.6.2 Issues
 Part Three Pioneers in Functionalism
  Chapter Five The Prague School
   5.1 Background
   5.2 General ideas
   5.3 Basic tenets
    5.3.1 System and function
    5.3.2 Synchronic phonology
    5.3.3 Theory of linguistic onomatology
    5.3.4 Theory of functional syntax: the movement
   of the mind in FSP
    5.3.5 Linguistics and poetics
   5.4 Assessment
    5.4.1 Merits
    5.5.2 Issues
  Chapter Six The Copenhagen School
   6.1 Background
   6.2 General ideas
   6.3 Basic tenets
    6.3.1 Language is a form, not a substance
    6.3.2 The four areas of study within every language
    6.3.3 Certain relations in the process and the system
    6.3.4 No one-to-one correspondents between content and expression
    6.3.5 Linguistic theory prescribes a textual analysis
   6.4 Assessment
    6.4.1 Merits
    6.4.2 Issues
  Chapter Seven The London School
   7.1 Background
   7.2 General ideas
    7.2.1 Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski
    7.2.2 Firth
   7.3 Basic tenets
    7.3.1 Context of culture and context of situation
    7.3.2 Meaning = function in context
    7.3.3 Prosodic phonology
    7.3.4 Some principles in Firthian linguistics
   7.4 Neo-Firthian linguistics
    7.4.1 Scale and category grammar
    7.4.2 John Sinclair
    7.4.3 Michael Gregory
   7.5 Assessment
    7.5.1 Merits
    7.5.2 Issues
 Part Four Functionalism
  Chapter Eight Systemic-Functional Linguistics
   8.1 Background
   8.2 General ideas
   8.3 M.A.K. Halliday
    8.3.1 Metafunctions
    8.3.2 System
    8.3.3 Stratification
    8.3.4 Function
    8.3.5 Context
    8.3.6 Probabilistic
    8.3.7 Text and cohesion
    8.3.8 Register
    8.3.9 Language as Social Semiotic
    8.3.10 Child language development
    8.3.11 Grammatical metaphor
    8.3.12 Appliable linguistics
   8.4 Systemicists around M.A.K. Halliday
    8.4.1 Ruqaiya Hasan
    8.4.2 James R. Martin
    8.4.3 Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen
    8.4.4 Robin Fawcett
   8.5 Assessment
    8.5.1 Those outside the camp
    8.5.2 Former systemic linguists
    8.5.3 Views from the macro-perspective
  Chapter Nine André Martinet and Robert de Beaugrande
   9.1 André Martinet
    9.1.1 Background
    9.1.2 General ideas
    9.1.3 Basic tenets
    9.1.4 Assessment
   9.2 Robert de Beaugrande
    9.2.1 Background
    9.2.2 General ideas
    9.2.3 Basic tenets
  Chapter Ten American Functionalism
   10.1 Background
   10.2 Kenneth Pike
    10.2.1 Background
    10.2.2 General ideas and tenets
    10.2.3 Assessment
   10.3 Sydney Lamb
    10.3.1 Background
    10.3.2 General ideas
    10.3.3 Chief tenets
   10.4 Wallace Chafe
    10.4.1 Background
    10.4.2 General ideas
    10.4.3 Chief tenets
    10.4.4 Assessment
   10.5 Talmy Givón
    10.5.1 Background
    10.5.2 General ideas
    10.5.3 Chief tenets
    10.5.4 Assessment
   10.6 Thompson, Li and Mann
    10.6.1 Background
    10.6.2 Ideas and tenets
   10.7 Hopper, Bybee & Traugott
    10.7.1 Background
    10.7.2 General ideas and tenets
   10.8 John Haiman
  Chapter Eleven Pragmatics
   11.1 Background
   11.2 Main approaches
    11.2.1 John Langshaw Austin
    11.2.2 John R. Searle
    11.2.3 Herbert Paul Grice
    11.2.4 Kent Bach and Robert Harnish
    11.2.5 David Benjamin Kaplan
    11.2.6 Robert Stalnaker
    11.2.7 Dan Sperber & Deirdre Wilson
   11.3 Assessment
 Part Five Generativism
  Chapter Twelve Transformational Generative Grammar
   12.1 Background
   12.2 General ideas
   12.3 Chief tenets
    12.3.1 Transformational Grammar
    12.3.2 Generative Grammar
    12.3.3 Government and binding (1981-1990)
    12.3.4 Minimalist Program (1990-present)
    12.3.5 Phonology
    12.3.6 Contributions to psychology
   12.4 Assessment
  Chapter Thirteen Non-Transformational Approaches
   13.1 Background
   13.2 Generative semantics
    13.2.1 Background
    13.2.2 General ideas and chief tenets
    13.2.3 Assessment
   13.3 Montague grammar
    13.3.1 Background
    13.3.2 General ideas
    13.3.3 Chief tenets
    13.3.4 Assessment
   13.4 Lexical functional grammar
    13.4.1 Background
    13.4.2 General ideas and tenets
   13.5 Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar
    13.5.1 Background
    13.5.2 General ideas and chief tenets
   13.6 Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar
    13.6.1 Background
    13.6.2 General ideas
    13.6.3 Chief tenets
    13.6.4 Assessment
   13.7 Relational Grammar
    13.7.1 Background
    13.7.2 General ideas and chief tenets
   13.8 Conceptual Semantics
    13.8.1 Background
    13.8.2 General ideas
    13.8.3 Chief tenets
    13.8.4 Assessment
 Part Six Cognitivism
  Chapter Fourteen Conceptual Metaphor Theory
   14.1 Background
   14.2 General ideas
   14.3 Chief tenets
    14.3.1 The role of metaphor
    14.3.2 Categorization
    14.3.3 Human reason
    14.3.4 Embodiment
    14.3.5 Conceptual Blending
    14.3.6 Economy and Eliza Effect
    14.3.7 Operational uniformity
    14.3.8 Cognitive generalization
   14.4 Assessment
    14.4.1 Merits
    14.4.2 Issues
  Chapter Fifteen Cognitive Grammar and Construction Grammar
   15.1 Cognitive Grammar
    15.1.1 Background
    15.1.2 General ideas
    15.1.3 Chief tenets
    15.1.4 Assessment
   15.2 Construction Grammar
    15.2.1 Background
    15.2.2 General ideas and chief tenets
   15.3 Other strands of Construction Grammar
    15.3.1 Radical Construction Grammar
    15.3.2 Embodied Construction Grammar
    15.3.3 Fluid Construction Grammar
  Chapter Sixteen Cognitive Semantics
   16.1 Background
   16.2 General ideas and chief tenets
    16.2.1 Design features
    16.2.2 Imaging systems
    16.2.3 Force dynamics
   16.3 Assessment
 前辅文
 Part One Linguistics in Antiquity
  Chapter One The History of Linguistics Since Plato
   1.1 Plato
    1.1.1 Function of language
    1.1.2 Nature versus convention
    1.1.3 Idea and reality
    1.1.4 Denotation and connotation
   1.2 Aristotle
    1.2.1 Rhetoric
    1.2.2 Rational investigation of language
    1.2.3 Categories
    1.2.4 Form
    1.2.5 Poetics
   1.3 The Stoics
    1.3.1 Logic
    1.3.2 Signification, signifier and the name-bearer
   1.4 The Alexandrian School
    1.4.1 Meter and poetry
    1.4.2 Dionysius Thrax
    1.4.3 Apollonius Dyscolus
   1.5 Roman linguistics
    1.5.1 Varro
    1.5.2 Priscian
   1.6 Medieval linguistics
    1.6.1 Speculative grammar
    1.6.2 Modistae
   1.7 Cartesian linguistics
    1.7.1 Language is human-specific
    1.7.2 Mind and body
    1.7.3 Mind and ideas
    1.7.4 Semantic interpretation versus phonetic interpretation
    1.7.5 Universality and Port-Royal Grammar
   1.8 Historical-Comparative linguistics and Neogrammarian
    1.8.1 Historical linguistics
    1.8.2 Comparative linguistics
    1.8.3 The Neogrammarians
   1.9 Linguistics in ancient India
  Chapter Two The History of Linguistics in China
   2.1 The Philosophy of language
    2.1.1 Laozi: Arbitrariness
    2.1.2 Confucius: Zhengming
    2.1.3 Mozi: Language utilitarianism
    2.1.4 Mencius: Innate moral intuition
    2.1.5 Later Mohist dialecticians
    2.1.6 Gongsun Long and Hui Shi:The School of Names
    2.1.7 Zhuangzi: Skeptical relativism
    2.1.8 Xunzi: Confucian conventionalism
   2.2 Phonology
    2.2.1 Old Chinese pronunciation studies
    2.2.2 The influence of Buddhism
    2.2.3 Middle Chinese phonological studies
    2.2.4 Phonological studies in Ming and Qing dynasties
   2.3 Chinese orthography
    2.3.1 The invention of Chinese characters
    2.3.2 The Six Scripts
    2.3.3 A Dictionary of Etymology
    2.3.4 The Right Element Principle
    2.3.5 The Qing period
   2.4 Philology
    2.4.1 Scope of the discipline
    2.4.2 Han dynasty scholars
    2.4.3 From Yuan to Qing dynasties
 Part Two Structuralism
  Chapter Three Saussure: The Path to Synchrony
   3.1 Background
   3.2 General ideas
    3.2.1 Issues of comparative and historical linguistics
    3.2.2 Sound and thought
    3.2.3 The role of linguistics in semiology
    3.2.4 Diachrony and synchrony in linguistics
    3.2.5 The langue-parole dichotomy
    3.2.6 Arbitrariness and linearity of signs
    3.2.7 Syntagmatic and associative relations
    3.2.8 Values and differences
    3.2.9 Syntagmatic and associative relations
   3.3 Assessment
    3.3.1 Merits
    3.3.2 Issues
  Chapter Four American Structuralism
   4.1 Background
   4.2 Franz Boas
   4.3 Edward Sapir
    4.3.1 Background
    4.3.2 General ideas
    4.3.3 Basic tenets
   4.4 Leonard Bloomfield
    4.4.1 Background
    4.4.2 General ideas
    4.4.3 The Bloomfieldian assumptions
   4.5 Other American Structuralists
    4.5.1 Sapir's followers
    4.5.2 Post-Bloomfieldian scholars
   4.6 Assessment
    4.6.1 Merits
    4.6.2 Issues
 Part Three Pioneers in Functionalism
  Chapter Five The Prague School
   5.1 Background
   5.2 General ideas
   5.3 Basic tenets
    5.3.1 System and function
    5.3.2 Synchronic phonology
    5.3.3 Theory of linguistic onomatology
    5.3.4 Theory of functional syntax: the movement
   of the mind in FSP
    5.3.5 Linguistics and poetics
   5.4 Assessment
    5.4.1 Merits
    5.5.2 Issues
  Chapter Six The Copenhagen School
   6.1 Background
   6.2 General ideas
   6.3 Basic tenets
    6.3.1 Language is a form, not a substance
    6.3.2 The four areas of study within every language
    6.3.3 Certain relations in the process and the system
    6.3.4 No one-to-one correspondents between content and expression
    6.3.5 Linguistic theory prescribes a textual analysis
   6.4 Assessment
    6.4.1 Merits
    6.4.2 Issues
  Chapter Seven The London School
   7.1 Background
   7.2 General ideas
    7.2.1 Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski
    7.2.2 Firth
   7.3 Basic tenets
    7.3.1 Context of culture and context of situation
    7.3.2 Meaning = function in context
    7.3.3 Prosodic phonology
    7.3.4 Some principles in Firthian linguistics
   7.4 Neo-Firthian linguistics
    7.4.1 Scale and category grammar
    7.4.2 John Sinclair
    7.4.3 Michael Gregory
   7.5 Assessment
    7.5.1 Merits
    7.5.2 Issues
 Part Four Functionalism
  Chapter Eight Systemic-Functional Linguistics
   8.1 Background
   8.2 General ideas
   8.3 M.A.K. Halliday
    8.3.1 Metafunctions
    8.3.2 System
    8.3.3 Stratification
    8.3.4 Function
    8.3.5 Context
    8.3.6 Probabilistic
    8.3.7 Text and cohesion
    8.3.8 Register
    8.3.9 Language as Social Semiotic
    8.3.10 Child language development
    8.3.11 Grammatical metaphor
    8.3.12 Appliable linguistics
   8.4 Systemicists around M.A.K. Halliday
    8.4.1 Ruqaiya Hasan
    8.4.2 James R. Martin
    8.4.3 Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen
    8.4.4 Robin Fawcett
   8.5 Assessment
    8.5.1 Those outside the camp
    8.5.2 Former systemic linguists
    8.5.3 Views from the macro-perspective
  Chapter Nine André Martinet and Robert de Beaugrande
   9.1 André Martinet
    9.1.1 Background
    9.1.2 General ideas
    9.1.3 Basic tenets
    9.1.4 Assessment
   9.2 Robert de Beaugrande
    9.2.1 Background
    9.2.2 General ideas
    9.2.3 Basic tenets
  Chapter Ten American Functionalism
   10.1 Background
   10.2 Kenneth Pike
    10.2.1 Background
    10.2.2 General ideas and tenets
    10.2.3 Assessment
   10.3 Sydney Lamb
    10.3.1 Background
    10.3.2 General ideas
    10.3.3 Chief tenets
   10.4 Wallace Chafe
    10.4.1 Background
    10.4.2 General ideas
    10.4.3 Chief tenets
    10.4.4 Assessment
   10.5 Talmy Givón
    10.5.1 Background
    10.5.2 General ideas
    10.5.3 Chief tenets
    10.5.4 Assessment
   10.6 Thompson, Li and Mann
    10.6.1 Background
    10.6.2 Ideas and tenets
   10.7 Hopper, Bybee & Traugott
    10.7.1 Background
    10.7.2 General ideas and tenets
   10.8 John Haiman
  Chapter Eleven Pragmatics
   11.1 Background
   11.2 Main approaches
    11.2.1 John Langshaw Austin
    11.2.2 John R. Searle
    11.2.3 Herbert Paul Grice
    11.2.4 Kent Bach and Robert Harnish
    11.2.5 David Benjamin Kaplan
    11.2.6 Robert Stalnaker
    11.2.7 Dan Sperber & Deirdre Wilson
   11.3 Assessment
 Part Five Generativism
  Chapter Twelve Transformational Generative Grammar
   12.1 Background
   12.2 General ideas
   12.3 Chief tenets
    12.3.1 Transformational Grammar
    12.3.2 Generative Grammar
    12.3.3 Government and binding (1981-1990)
    12.3.4 Minimalist Program (1990-present)
    12.3.5 Phonology
    12.3.6 Contributions to psychology
   12.4 Assessment
  Chapter Thirteen Non-Transformational Approaches
   13.1 Background
   13.2 Generative semantics
    13.2.1 Background
    13.2.2 General ideas and chief tenets
    13.2.3 Assessment
   13.3 Montague grammar
    13.3.1 Background
    13.3.2 General ideas
    13.3.3 Chief tenets
    13.3.4 Assessment
   13.4 Lexical functional grammar
    13.4.1 Background
    13.4.2 General ideas and tenets
   13.5 Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar
    13.5.1 Background
    13.5.2 General ideas and chief tenets
   13.6 Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar
    13.6.1 Background
    13.6.2 General ideas
    13.6.3 Chief tenets
    13.6.4 Assessment
   13.7 Relational Grammar
    13.7.1 Background
    13.7.2 General ideas and chief tenets
   13.8 Conceptual Semantics
    13.8.1 Background
    13.8.2 General ideas
    13.8.3 Chief tenets
    13.8.4 Assessment
 Part Six Cognitivism
  Chapter Fourteen Conceptual Metaphor Theory
   14.1 Background
   14.2 General ideas
   14.3 Chief tenets
    14.3.1 The role of metaphor
    14.3.2 Categorization
    14.3.3 Human reason
    14.3.4 Embodiment
    14.3.5 Conceptual Blending
    14.3.6 Economy and Eliza Effect
    14.3.7 Operational uniformity
    14.3.8 Cognitive generalization
   14.4 Assessment
    14.4.1 Merits
    14.4.2 Issues
  Chapter Fifteen Cognitive Grammar and Construction Grammar
   15.1 Cognitive Grammar
    15.1.1 Background
    15.1.2 General ideas
    15.1.3 Chief tenets
    15.1.4 Assessment
   15.2 Construction Grammar
    15.2.1 Background
    15.2.2 General ideas and chief tenets
   15.3 Other strands of Construction Grammar
    15.3.1 Radical Construction Grammar
    15.3.2 Embodied Construction Grammar
    15.3.3 Fluid Construction Grammar
  Chapter Sixteen Cognitive Semantics
   16.1 Background
   16.2 General ideas and chief tenets
    16.2.1 Design features
    16.2.2 Imaging systems
    16.2.3 Force dynamics
   16.3 Assessment