CONTENTS__eol__Unit 1 Engineering Materials (Ⅰ) 1__eol__1.1 Introduction 1__eol__1.2 Ferrous Metals and Alloys 2__eol__1.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys 4__eol__Notes 7__eol__Glossary 9__eol__Unit 2 Engineering Materials (Ⅱ) 10__eol__2.1 Introduction 10__eol__2.2 Ceramics 10__eol__2.3 Polymers 12__eol__2.4 Composite Materials 14__eol__2.5 Metamaterials 15__eol__Notes 16__eol__Glossary 17__eol__Unit 3 Casting 20__eol__3.1 Introduction 20__eol__3.2 Sand Casting 20__eol__3.3 Investment Casting 21__eol__3.4 Expendable-pattern Casting 22__eol__3.5 Centrifugal Casting 23__eol__3.6 Inspection of Casting 24__eol__Notes 24__eol__Glossary 25__eol__Unit 4 Forging and Die 27__eol__4.1 Introduction 27__eol__4.2 Open-die Forging 27__eol__4.3 Impression-die and Closed-die Forging 28__eol__4.4 Precision Forging 29__eol__4.5 Die Manufacturing Methods 30__eol__Notes 31__eol__Glossary 32__eol__Unit 5 Conventional Machining Processes 33__eol__5.1 Introduction 33__eol__5.2 Turning and Lathe 33__eol__5.3 Milling and Milling Machine 36__eol__5.4 Drilling and Drill Press 39__eol__Notes 41__eol__Glossary 42__eol__Unit 6 Nontraditional Machining Processes 45__eol__6.1 Introduction 45__eol__6.2 Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) 46__eol__6.3 Chemical Machining (CM) 46__eol__6.4 Electrochemical Machining (ECM) 48__eol__6.5 Laser Beam Machining (LBM) 49__eol__6.6 Ultrasonic Machining (USM) 50__eol__Notes 51__eol__Glossary 53__eol__Unit 7 High Speed Cutting (HSC) 57__eol__7.1 Definition 57__eol__7.2 Introduction to High Speed Cutting 57__eol__7.3 High Speed Cutting Techniques 59__eol__7.4 HSC Machines 59__eol__Notes 60__eol__Glossary 61__eol__Unit 8 Tolerances and Fits 63__eol__8.1 Introduction 63__eol__8.2 Tolerances 64__eol__8.3 Fits 65__eol__8.4 ISO System of Limits and Fits 66__eol__Notes 68__eol__Glossary 69__eol__Unit 9 Location and Fixtures 72__eol__9.1 Introduction 72__eol__9.2 Advantages of Jigs and Fixtures 72__eol__9.3 Location of Workpiece 73__eol__9.4 Clamping of Workpiece 75__eol__9.5 Classes of Fixtures 76__eol__Notes 78__eol__Glossary 79__eol__Unit 10 Gear Transmission 82__eol__10.1 Introduction 82__eol__10.2 Spur Gears 82__eol__10.3 Helical Gears 85__eol__10.4 Bevel Gears 86__eol__10.5 Worm Gearing 86__eol__10.6 Gear Geometry 87__eol__Notes 90__eol__Glossary 90__eol__Unit 11 Direct Drive Technology 92__eol__11.1 Introduction 92__eol__11.2 Direct-drive Linear (DDL) Motion 92__eol__11.3 Direct-drive Rotary (DDR) Motors Streamline Machine Design 94__eol__11.4 Motorized Spindle 96__eol__Notes 97__eol__Glossary 99__eol__Unit 12 Numerical Control 101__eol__12.1 Introduction 101__eol__12.2 NC and CNC 101__eol__12.3 Construction of CNC Machines 102__eol__12.4 DNC (Distributed Numerical Control) System 104__eol__Notes 107__eol__Glossary 108__eol__Unit 13 CNC Machining Centers 109__eol__13.1 Introduction 109__eol__13.2 The Concept of Machining Centers 110__eol__13.3 Types of Machining Centers 110__eol__13.4 Components of a Machining Center 112__eol__13.5 Characteristics and Capabilities of Machining Centers 115__eol__Notes 115__eol__Glossary 116__eol__Unit 14 Automatic Control 119__eol__14.1 Introduction 119__eol__14.2 Open-loop Control and Closed-loop Control 119__eol__14.3 Applications of Automatic Control 120__eol__14.4 Artificial Intelligence in Mechatronics 122__eol__Notes 124__eol__Glossary 126__eol__Unit 15 CAD/CAM 129__eol__15.1 Introduction 129__eol__15.2 Geometric Modeling 129__eol__15.3 CAD/CAM 131__eol__15.4 Computer-aided Process Planning 134__eol__Notes 134__eol__Glossary 136__eol__Unit 16 Transducers 137__eol__16.1 Introduction 137__eol__16.2 Transducer Elements 137__eol__16.3 Analog and Digital Transducers 137__eol__16.4 Use of Sensors in Programmable Automation 139__eol__16.5 Some Terms 140__eol__Notes 141__eol__Glossary 143__eol__Unit 17 Robots 145__eol__17.1 Introduction 145__eol__17.2 Definition of Robot 145__eol__17.3 Components of a