PartⅠ Academic Reading__eol__Unit 1 Electric Circuits 2__eol__1.1 Circuit Elements 2__eol__1.2 Basic Laws 4__eol__1.2.1 Ohm’s Law 4__eol__1.2.2 Kirchhoff’s Laws 6__eol__1.3 Circuit Analysis 8__eol__1.3.1 Nodal Analysis 8__eol__1.3.2 Mesh Analysis 10__eol__Exercises 12__eol__Unit 2 Embedded Systems 15__eol__2.1 Introduction to Embedded Systems 15__eol__2.1.1 Early Forms of Embedded Systems 15__eol__2.1.2 Birth and Evolution of Modern Embedded Systems 16__eol__2.1.3 Contemporary Embedded Systems 18__eol__2.2 Structure of an Embedded System 21__eol__2.2.1 Hardware Components 22__eol__2.2.2 Software Components 23__eol__2.3 Microprocessors Versus Microcontrollers 26__eol__2.3.1 Microprocessor Units 26__eol__2.3.2 Microcontroller Units 27__eol__2.3.3 RISC Versus CISC and RISC Architectures 28__eol__2.3.4 Programmer and Hardware Models 28__eol__Exercises 30__eol__Unit 3 Integrated Circuits 33__eol__3.1 Introduction 33__eol__3.2 PN Junction and Diode 38__eol__3.3 Transistor 43__eol__3.3.1 BJT 43__eol__3.3.2 FET 44__eol__3.4 FPGA 48__eol__3.4.1 FPGA Versus Microcontroller 48__eol__3.4.2 What Is a Programmable Gate Array? 48__eol__3.4.3 How Do You Program an FPGA? 49__eol__Exercises 53__eol__Unit 4 Signals and Systems 55__eol__4.1 Introduction to Signals 55__eol__4.2 Frequency Response of LTI Systems 59__eol__4.3 Sampling Theorem 63__eol__Exercises 67__eol__Unit 5 Digital Signal Processing 70__eol__5.1 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing 70__eol__5.2 Structures for Discrete-Time Systems 73__eol__5.3 Filter Design Techniques 77__eol__Exercises 81__eol__Unit 6 Digital Image Processing 84__eol__6.1 Components of an Image Processing System 84__eol__6.2 Examples of Fields That Use Digital Image Processing 87__eol__6.3 Introduction to Pattern Recognition 91__eol__Exercises 94__eol__Unit 7 Principles of Communications 97__eol__7.1 Electrical Communication Systems 97__eol__7.2 Modulation and Multiplexing 101__eol__7.2.1 Baseband Transmission 101__eol__7.2.2 Broadband Transmission 102__eol__7.2.3 Multiplexing 104__eol__7.3 Digital Communication Techniques 106__eol__7.3.1 Data Conversion 106__eol__7.3.2 Elements of a Digital Communication System 109__eol__Exercises 112__eol__Unit 8 Mobile Communication 115__eol__8.1 From 1G to 5G 115__eol__8.1.1 A Brief History of Wireless Technologies 115__eol__8.1.2 1G — First Generation Mobile Communication System 115__eol__8.1.3 2G — Second Generation Mobile Communication System 116__eol__8.1.4 3G — Third Generation Mobile Communication System 117__eol__8.1.5 4G — Fourth Generation Mobile Communication System 118__eol__8.1.6 5G — Fifth Generation Mobile Communication System 118__eol__8.1.7 Summary 119__eol__8.2 Mobile Networks 120__eol__8.2.1 Main Components 121__eol__8.2.2 Radio Access Network 122__eol__8.2.3 Mobile Core 123__eol__Exercises 127__eol__Unit 9 Optical Communication 129__eol__9.1 Optical Communication Systems 129__eol__9.1.1 Light Wave Communication in Free Space 129__eol__9.1.2 Fiber-Optic Communication System 131__eol__9.1.3 Applications of Fiber Optics 132__eol__9.2 Passive Optical Networks 134__eol__9.2.1 The PON Concept 134__eol__9.2.2 PON Technologies 135__eol__Exercises 138__eol__Unit 10 Telecommunication Networks 141__eol__10.1 A Telephone Network 141__eol__10.1.1 Basic Telephony 141__eol__10.1.2 Telephone System 143__eol__10.2 Internet Telephony 148__eol__10.2.1 VoIP Fundamentals 148__eol__10.2.2 Internet Phone Systems 150__eol__Exercises 152__eol__Unit 11 Electromagnetics 156__eol__11.1 Introduction of Electromagnetics 156__eol__11.1.1 Importance of Electromagnetics 156__eol__11.1.2 A Brief History of Electromagnetics 157__eol__11.1.3 Applications of Electromagnetism 159__eol__11.2 Engineering Electromagnetics and Waves 164__eol__11.2.1 Lumped Versus Distributed Electrical Circuits 164__eol__11.2.2 Electromagnetic Components 166__eol__11.2.3 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves 167