Introduction 绪论1

Chapter1Amino Acids to Proteins 第1章从氨基酸到蛋白质5
1.1Protein Composition 1.1蛋白质的组成5
1.2Protein Conformations 1.2蛋白质的构象8
1.2.1Describing Protein Structure 1.2.1描述蛋白质的结构9
1.2.2Chemical and Physical Basis for Protein Folding 1.2.2蛋白质折叠的化学和物理基础13
1.3Protein Structure and Function：A Few Examples 1.3蛋白质的结构与功能：几个例子16
1.4The Dynamics of Proteins 1.4蛋白质动力学18
1.5Experiments 1.5实验研究21
Summary 小结21
Vocabulary 词汇22
Review Questions 习题23
Exploration Questions 思考题23

Chapter2Nucleic Acids 第2章核酸24
2.1Properties of a Genetic Material 2.1遗传物质的性质24
2.2Nucleic Acids and DNA structure 2.2核酸与DNA结构25
2.2.1Nucleotides 2.2.1核苷酸25
2.2.2General Structure of Nucleic Acids 2.2.2核酸的一般结构27
2.2.3Structure of DNA 2.2.3DNA的结构30
2.3Molecular Identification 2.3分子鉴定33
2.3.1Identification of DNA Molecules 2.3.1DNA分子鉴定33
2.3.2Identification of RNA Molecules 2.3.2RNA分子鉴定35
2.4DNA as the Genetic Material 2.4DNA作为遗传物质37
2.5DNA in the Cell 2.5细胞中的DNA38
2.6RNA(Ribonucleic Acid) 2.6RNA（核糖核酸）40
2.7Experiments 2.7实验研究42
Summary 小结44
Vocabulary 词汇44
Review Questions 习题45
Exploration Questions 思考题46

Chapter3Transcription in Prokaryotes:Mechanism and Regulation 第3章原核生物转录：机理与调控47
3.1Why Use an RNA Intermediate 3.1为什么使用RNA作为中间物47
3.2Mechanism of Transcription 3.2转录机理49
3.2.1Promoters 3.2.1启动子49
3.2.2RNA Polymerase 3.2.2RNA聚合酶51
3.2.3Transcription Mechanism in Three Phases 3.2.3转录机理的三个阶段53
3.3Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes 3.3原核生物基因表达调控58
3.3.1Coordinate Regulation 3.3.1协同调控59
3.3.2The Lac Operon 3.3.2乳糖操纵子61
3.3.3The Trp Operon 3.3.3色氨酸操纵子64
3.3.4Ara and Gal Operons 3.3.4阿拉伯糖与半乳糖操纵子70
3.4Experiments 3.4实验研究72
Summary 小结76
Vocabulary 词汇77
Review Questions 习题78
Exploration Questions 思考题79

Chapter4Transcription in Eukaryotes:Mechanism and Regulation 第4章真核生物转录：机理与调控80
4.1Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases 4.1真核生物RNA聚合酶80
4.2Eukaryotic Promoters 4.2真核生物启动子82
4.3General Transcription Factors and Initiation 4.3通用转录因子与转录起始83
4.3.1TFⅡD 4.3.1TFⅡD84
4.3.2Other TFⅡs 4.3.2其他TFⅡs86
4.3.3General Transcription Factors for RNA Polymerase Ⅰ and Ⅲ 4.3.3RNA聚合酶Ⅰ和Ⅲ的通用转录因子86
4.4Specific Transcription Factors and Transcriptional Regulation 4.4特异转录因子与转录调控88
4.4.1Activators 4.4.1激活蛋白89
4.4.2Repressors 4.4.2阻遏蛋白91
4.4.3Enhancers and Silencers 4.4.3增强子和沉默子91
4.5Structures of Specific Transcription Factors 4.5特异转录因子的结构93
4.5.1DNA-Binding Motifs in Prokaryotes 4.5.1原核生物DNA结合基序94
4.5.2DNA-Binding Motifs in Eukaryotes 4.5.2真核生物DNA结合基序95
4.6Experiments 4.6实验研究97
4.6.1RNA Polymerase Targets 4.6.1RNA聚合酶的目标97
4.6.2Modularity of Specific Transcription Factors 4.6.2特异转录因子的模块化98
Summary 小结99
Vocabulary 词汇100
Review Questions 习题100
Exploration Questions 思考题101

Chapter5mRNA Modifications in Eukaryotes 第5章真核生物mRNA的修饰102
5.1Capping 5.1加帽102
5.2Polyadenylation 5.2聚腺苷酸化104
5.3Splicing 5.3剪接106
5.3.1The Basic Splicing Reaction 5.3.1基本的剪接反应106
5.3.2Proteins Involved in Splicing 5.3.2在剪接中发挥作用的蛋白质108
5.3.3Self-Splicing 5.3.3自我剪接110
5.3.4Trans-Splicing 5.3.4反式剪接111
5.3.5Reasons for Introns 5.3.5内含子存在的原因113
5.4mRNA Editing 5.4mRNA编辑115
5.5Experiments 5.5实验研究118
Summary 小结120
Vocabulary 词汇120
Review Questions 习题120
Exploration Questions 思考题121

Chapter6Translation 第6章翻译122
6.1The Genetic Code 6.1遗传密码122
6.2Mechanism of Translation in Prokaryotes 6.2原核生物翻译机理125
6.2.1Initiation 6.2.1起始125
6.2.2Elongation 6.2.2延伸128
6.2.3Termination 6.2.3终止132
6.3Translation in Eukaryotes 6.3真核生物翻译132
6.4tRNA Structure and Wobble 6.4tRNA的结构与摇摆136
6.4.1Anti-codons 6.4.1反密码子137
6.4.2Wobble 6.4.2摇摆139
6.5Experiments 6.5实验研究140
6.5.1Deciphering the Genetic Code 6.5.1破译遗传密码140
6.5.2Direction of Translation 6.5.2翻译的方向141
Summary 小结142
Vocabulary 词汇143
Review Questions 习题143
Exploration Questions 思考题144

Chapter7Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes 第7章真核生物基因表达调控145
7.1Histones and Transcriptional Regulation 7.1组蛋白与转录调控146
7.1.1Histones and DNA Organization 7.1.1组蛋白与DNA组织146
7.1.2Histones and Transcription 7.1.2组蛋白与转录149
7.1.3Covalent Modification of Histones 7.1.3组蛋白的共价修饰151
7.1.4Proteins that Recognize and Modify Histones 7.1.4识别和修饰组蛋白的蛋白质153
7.2Post-Transcriptional Regulation 7.2转录后调控156
7.3Nuclear Export 7.3细胞核输出158
7.4RNA Stability 7.4RNA稳定性160
7.4.1mRNA Stability Regulation by Proteins 7.4.1蛋白质调控mRNA稳定性160
7.4.2mRNA Stability Regulation by Small RNAs 7.4.2小RNA调控mRNA稳定性163
7.5Translational Control 7.5翻译调控165
7.5.1Global Control 7.5.1全局控制166
7.5.2mRNA-Specific Control 7.5.2mRNA特异性控制167
7.6mRNA Localization 7.6mRNA定位170
7.7Protein Regulation 7.7蛋白质调控172
7.8Experiments 7.8实验研究172
7.8.1Beads-on-a-string Structure 7.8.1线珠结构172
7.8.2Repression of Gene Expression in Heterochromatin 7.8.2异染色质中基因表达的抑制174
Summary 小结174
Vocabulary 词汇175
Review Questions 习题176
Exploration Questions 思考题177

Chapter8DNA Replication 第8章DNA复制178
8.1Semi-Conservative Replication 8.1半保留复制178
8.2Initiation of Replication 8.2复制的起始179
8.3Semi-Discontinuous Replication 8.3半不连续复制181
8.4Elongation of Replication and its Proteins 8.4复制延伸及其相关蛋白184
8.4.1Helicase and SSBs 8.4.1解旋酶与SSB184
8.4.2DNA Polymerases 8.4.2DNA聚合酶185
8.4.3Explanation for 3′→5′Synthesis 8.4.3关于3′→5′合成188
8.4.4Primers 8.4.4引物191
8.5DNA Topology 8.5DNA拓扑学193
8.6DNA Replication in Eukaryotes 8.6真核生物DNA复制195
8.6.1Initiation of DNA Replication in Eukaryotes 8.6.1真核生物DNA复制起始197
8.6.2Telomeres 8.6.2端粒199
8.7Experiments 8.7实验研究200
Summary 小结203
Vocabulary 词汇203
Review Questions 习题203
Exploration Questions 思考题204

Chapter9Mutations and Mutation Repair 第9章突变与突变修复205
9.1DNA Damage and Mutations 9.1DNA损伤与突变205
9.2Point Mutations 9.2点突变206
9.2.1Mismatched Base 9.2.1错配的碱基206
9.2.2Spontaneous Mutations 9.2.2自发突变207
9.2.3Induced Mutations 9.2.3诱发突变209
9.3Insertions and Deletions 9.3插入和缺失213
9.3.1Strand Slippage 9.3.1链滑动213
9.3.2Transposons 9.3.2转座子214
9.3.3Intercalating Agents 9.3.3嵌入剂215
9.4Large-Scale DNA Changes 9.4大规模DNA变化216
9.5Consequences of DNA Mutations 9.5DNA突变的后果217
9.5.1Consequences of Point Mutations 9.5.1点突变的后果217
9.5.2Consequences of Insertions and Deletions 9.5.2插入和缺失的后果219
9.5.3Consequences of Translocations 9.5.3易位的后果220
9.5.4Mutation Hot Spots 9.5.4突变热点221
9.6Mutation Repair 9.6突变修复222
9.6.1Direct Reversal 9.6.1直接回复223
9.6.2Mismatch Repair 9.6.2错配修复223
9.6.3Nucleotide Excision Repair 9.6.3核苷酸切除修复225
9.6.4Base Excision Repair 9.6.4碱基切除修复227
9.6.5Double-Stranded Break Repair 9.6.5双链断裂修复228
9.7Experiments 9.7实验研究230
9.7.1Nucleotide Excision Repair and Human Disease 9.7.1核苷酸切除修复与人类疾病230
9.7.2The Ames Test 9.7.2埃姆斯测验法231
Summary 小结232
Vocabulary 词汇232
Review Questions 习题233
Exploration Questions 思考题234

Chapter10Recombination 第10章重组235
10.1Homologous Recombination 10.1同源重组235
10.1.1Mechanism for Crossing-Over 10.1.1交换机理236
10.1.2Mechanism for Double-Stranded Break Repair 10.1.2双链断裂修复机理240
10.1.3The RecBCD Pathway 10.1.3RecBCD途径241
10.1.4Gene Conversion 10.1.4基因转换241
10.2Non-homologous Recombination 10.2非同源重组243
10.2.1Transposons 10.2.1转座子243
10.2.2Retrotransposons 10.2.2反转录转座子249
10.2.3Bacteriophage λ Integration 10.2.3λ噬菌体的整合250
10.3Gene Editing 10.3基因编辑251
10.3.1ZFNs System 10.3.1ZFN系统251
10.3.2TALENs System 10.3.2TALEN系统253
10.3.3CRISPR/Cas System 10.3.3CRISPR/Cas系统254
Summary 小结257
Vocabulary 词汇257
Review Questions 习题258
Exploration Questions 思考题258

Answers to Review Questions 习题答案259

Index(Chinese) 中文索引262

Index(English) 英文索引268

Glossary 名词解释274

References 参考文献302