Brief Contents
  1 Matter—Its Properties and Measurement
  2 Atoms and the Atomic Theory
  3 Chemical Compounds
  4 Chemical Reactions
  5 Introduction to Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
  6 Gases
  7 Thermochemistry
  8 The Atmospheric Gases and Hydrogen
  9 Electrons in Atoms
  10 The Periodic Table and Some Atomic Properties
  11 Chemical Bonding Ⅰ: Basic Concepts
  12 Chemical Bonding Ⅱ: Additional Aspects
  13 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces
  14 Solutions and Their Physical Properties
  15 Chemical Kinetics
  16 Principles of Chemical Equilibrium
  17 Acids and Bases
  18 Additional Aspects of Acid-Base Equilibria
  19 Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibria
  20 Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Free Energy
  21 Electrochemistry
  22 Main-Group Elements Ⅰ: Metals
  23 Main-Group Elements Ⅱ: Nonmetals
  24 The Transition Elements
  25 Complex Ions and Coordination Compounds
  26 Nuclear Chemistry
  27 Organic Chemistry
  28 Chemistry of the Living State
  Appendixes
  A Mathematical Operations
  B Some Basic Physical Concepts
  C SI Units
  D Data Tables
  E Glossary
  F Answers to Practice Examples and Selected Exercises
  Photo Credits
  Index Ⅰ1
  About the Authors xvi
  Preface xvii
  Student’s Guide to Using this Text xxv
 1 Matter—Its Properties and Measurement
  1-1 The Scope of Chemistry
  1-2 The Scientific Method
  1-3 Properties of Matter
  1-4 Classification of Matter
  1-5 Measurement of Matter: SI (Metric) Units
  1-6 Density and Percent Composition: Their Use in Problem Solving
  1-7 Uncertainties in Scientific Measurements
  1-8 Significant Figures
  Focus on The Scientific Method at Work: Polywater
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems eMedia Exercises
 2 Atoms and the Atomic Theory
  2-1 Early Chemical Discoveries and the Atomic Theory
  2-2 Electrons and Other Discoveries in Atomic Physics
  2-3 The Nuclear Atom
  2-4 Chemical Elements
  2-5 Atomic Masses
  2-6 Introduction to the Periodic Table
  2-7 The Concept of the Mole and the Avogadro Constant
  2-8 Using the Mole Concept in Calculations
  Focus on Occurrence and Abundances of the Elements
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 3 Chemical Compounds
  3-1 Types of Chemical Compounds and Their Formulas
  3-2 The Mole Concept and Chemical Compounds
  3-3 Composition of Chemical Compounds
  3-4 Oxidation States: A Useful Tool in Describing Chemical Compounds
  3-5 Naming Compounds: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
  3-6 Names and Formulas of Inorganic Compounds
  3-7 Names and Formulas of Organic Comnounds
  Focus on Mass Spectrometry—Determining Molecular Formulas
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 4 Chemical Reactions
  4-1 Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equations
  4-2 Chemical Equations and Stoichiometry
  4-3 Chemical Reactions in Solution
  4-4 Determining the Limiting Reactant
  4-5 Other Practical Matters in Reaction Stoichiometry
  Focus on Industrial Chemistry
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 5 Introduction to Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
  5-1 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions
  5-2 Precipitation Reactions
  5-3 Acid-Base Reactions
  5-4 Oxidation-Reduction: Some General Principles
  5-5 Balancing Oxidation—Reduction Equations
  5-6 Oxidizing and Reducing Agents
  5-7 Stoichiometry of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions: Titrations
  Focus on Water Treatment
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 6 Gases
  6-1 Properties of Gases: Gas Pressure
  6-2 The Simple Gas Laws
  6-3 Combining the Gas Laws: The Ideal Gas Equation and the General Gas Equation
  6-4 Applications of the Ideal Gas Equation
  6-5 Gases in Chemical Reactions
  6-6 Mixtures of Gases
  6-7 Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases
  6-8 Gas Properties Relating to the Kinetic-Molecular Theory
  6-9 Nonideal (Real) Gases
  Focus on The Chemistry of Air-Bag Systems
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems eMedia Exercises
 7 Thermochemistry
  7-1 Getting Started: Some Terminology
  7-2 Heat
  7-3 Heats of Reaction and Calorimetry
  7-4 Work
  7-5 The First Law of Thermodynamics
  7-6 Heats of Reaction: △U and △H
  7-7 Indirect Determination of △H: Hess’s Law
  7-8 Standard Enthalpies of Formation
  7.9 Fuels as Sources of Energy
  Focus on Fats, Carbohydrates,and Energy Storage
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 8 The Atmospheric Gases and Hydrogen
  8-1 The Atmosphere
  8-2 Nitrogen
  8-3 Oxygen
  8-4 The Noble Gases
  8-5 Oxides of Carbon
  8-6 Hydrogen
  Focus on The Carbon Cycle
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
 9 Electrons in Atoms
  9-1 Electromagnetic Radiation
  9-2 Atomic Spectra
  9-3 Quantum Theory
  9-4 The Bohr Atom
  9-5 Two Ideas Leading to a New Quantum Mechanics
  9-6 Wave Mechanics
  9-7 Quantum Numbers and Electron Orbitals
  9-8 Interpreting and Representing the Orbitals of the Hydrogen Atom
  9-9 Electron Spin: A Fourth Quantum Number
  9-10 Multielectron Atoms
  9-11 Electron Configurations
  9-12 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
  Focus on Helium-Neon Lasers
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 10 The Periodic Table and Some Atomic Properties
  10-1 Classifying the Elements: The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table
  10-2 Metals and Nonmetals and Their Ions
  10-3 The Sizes of Atoms and Ions
  10-4 Ionization Energy
  10-5 Electron Affinity
  10-6 Magnetic Properties
  10-7 Periodic Properties of the Elements
  Focus on The Periodic Law and Mercury
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 11 Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts
  11-1 Lewis Theory: An Overview
  11-2 Covalent Bonding: An Introduction
  11-3 Polar Covalent Bonds
  11-4 Writing Lewis Structures
  11-5 Resonance
  11-6 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
  11-7 The Shapes of Molecules
  11-8 Bond Order and Bond Lengths
  11-9 Bond Energies
  Focus on Polymers—Macromolecular Substances
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 12 Chemical Bonding Ⅱ：Additional Aspects
  12-1 What a Bonding Theory Should Do
  12-2 Introduction to the Valence-Bond Method
  12-3 Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
  12-4 Multiple Covalent Bonds
  12-5 Molecular Orbital Theory
  12-6 Delocalized Electrons: Bonding in the Benzene Molecule
  12-7 Bonding in Metals
  Focus on Photoelectron Spectroscopy
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 13 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces
  13-1 Intermolecular Forces and Some Properties of Liquids
  13-2 Vaporization of Liquids: Vapor Pressure
  13-3 Some Properties of Solids
  13-4 Phase Diagrams
  13-5 Van der Waals Forces
  13-6 Hydrogen Bonding
  13-7 Chemical Bonds as Intermolecular Forces
  13-8 Crystal Structures
  13-9 Energy Changes in the Formation of Ionic Crystals
  Focus on Liquid Crystals
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 14 Solutions and Their Physical Properties
  14-1 Types of Solutions: Some Terminology
  14-2 Solution Concentration
  14-3 Intermolecular Forces and the Solution Process
  14-4 Solution Formation and Equilibrium
  14-5 Solubilities of Gases
  14-6 Vapor Pressures of Solutions
  14-7 Osmotic Pressure
  14-8 Freezing-Point Depression and Boiling-Point Elevation of Nonelectrolyte Solutions
  14-9 Solutions of Electrolytes
  14-10 Colloidal Mixtures
  Focus on Chromatography
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 15 Chemical Kinetics
  15-1 The Rate of a Chemical Reaction
  15-2 Measuring Reaction Rates
  15.3 Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rates: The Rate Law
  15-4 Zero-Order Reactions
  15-5 First-Order Reactions
  15-6 Second-Order Reactions
  15-7 Reaction Kinetics: A Summary
  15-8 Theoretical Models for Chemical Kinetics
  15-9 The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates
  15-10 Reaction Mechanisms
  15-11 Catalysis
  Focus on Combustion and Explosions
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 16 Principles of Chemical Equilibrium
  16-1 Dynamic Equilibrium
  16-2 The Equilibrium Constant Expression
  16-3 Relationships Involving Equilibrium Constants
  16-4 The Significance of the Magnitude of an Equilibrium Constant
  16-5 The Reaction Quotient, Q: Predicting the Direction of Net Change
  16-6 Altering Equilibrium Conditions: Le Chatelier’s Principle
  16-7 Equilibrium Calculations: Some Illustrative Examples
  Focus on The Nitrogen Cycle and the Synthesis of Nitrogen Compounds
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 17 Acids and Bases
  17-1 The Arrhenius Theory: A Brief Review
  17-2 Bronsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases
  17-3 The Self-Ionization of Water and the pH Scale
  17-4 Strong Acids and Strong Bases
  17-5 Weak Acids and Weak Bases
  17-6 Polyprotic Acids
  17-7 Ions as Acids and Bases
  17-8 Molecular Structure and Acid-Base Behavior
  17-9 Lewis Acids and Bases
  Focus on Acid Rain
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 18 Additional Aspects of Acid-Base Equilibria
  18-1 The Common-Ion Effect in Acid-Base Equilibria
  18-2 Buffer Solutions
  18-3 Acid-Base Indicators
  18-4 Neutralization Reactions and Titration Curves
  18-5 Solutions of Salts of Polyprotic Acids
  18-6 Acid-Base Equilibrium Calculations: A Summary
  Focus on Buffers in Blood
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 19 Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibria
  19-1 The Solubility Product Constant, Ksp
  19-2 The Relationship Between Solubility and Ksp
  19-3 The Common-Ion Effect in Solubility Equilibria
  19-4 Limitations of the Ksp Concept
  19-5 Criteria for rrecipitanon and Its Completeness
  19-6 Fractional Precipitation
  19-7 Solubility and pH
  19-8 Equilibria Involving Comnlex Ions
  19-9Qualitative Cation Analysis
  Focus on Shells, Teeth, and Fossils
  Summary Integrative Example key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 20 Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Free Energy
  20-1 Spontaneity: The Meaning of Spontaneous Change
  20-2 The Concept of Entropy
  20-3 Evaluating Entropy and Entropy Changes
  20-4 Criteria for Spontaneous Change:The Second Law of Thermodynamics
  20-5 Standard Free Energy Change,△G°
  20-6 Free Energy Change and Equilibrium
  20-7 △G°and Kes Functions of Temperature
  20-8 Coupled Reactions
  Focus on Coupled Reactions in Biological Systems
  summary Integrative Example Kev Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrativeand Advanced Exercises Feature Problems eMedia Exercises
 21 Electrochemistry
  21-1 Electrode Potentials and Their Measurement
  21-2 Standard Electrode Potentials
  21-3Ecell,△G，and Keq
  21-4 Ecll as a Function of Concentrations
  21-5 Batteries: ProducingElectricityThrough Chemical Reactions
  21-6Corrosion：Unwanted Voltaic Cells
  21-7 Electrolysis: Causing Nonspontaneous Reactions to Occur
  21-8 Industrial Electrolysis Processes
  Focus on Membrane Potentials
  SummaryIntegraliveExample Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 22 Main-Group Elements Ⅰ: Metals
  22-1 Group 1：The Alkali Metals
  22-2 Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals
  22-3 Ions in Natural Waters: Hard Water
  22-4 Group 13 Metals: Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium
  22-5 Group 14 Metals: Tin and Lead
  Focus on Gallium Arsenide
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 23 Main-Group Elements Ⅱ: Nonmetals
  23-1 Group 18: The Noble Gases
  23-2 Group 17: The Halogens
  23-3 Group 16: The Oxygen Family
  23-4 Group 15: The Nitrogen Family
  23-5 Group 14 Nonmetals: Carbon and Silicon
  23-6 The Group 13 Nonmetal: Boron
  Focus on Glassmaking
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 24 The Transition Elements
  24-1 General Properties
  24-2 Principles of Extractive Metallurgy
  24-3 Metallurgy of Iron and Steel
  24-4 First-Row Transition Metal Elements: Scandium to Manganese
  24-5 The Iron Triad: Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel
  24-6 Group 11: Copper, Silver, and Gold
  24-7 Group 12: Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury
  24-8 Lanthanides
  Focus on High-Temperature Superconductors
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 25 Complex Ions and Coordination Compounds
  25-1 Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compounds: An Overview
  25-2 Ligands
  25-3 Nomenclature
  25-4 Isomerism
  25-5 Bonding in Complex Ions: Crystal Field Theory
  25-6 Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds and Crvstal Field Theory
  25-7 Color and the Colors of Complexes
  25-8 Aspects of Complex-Ion Equilibria
  25-9 Acid-Base Reactions of Complex Ions
  25-10 Some Kinetic Considerations
  25-11 Applications of Coordination Cherrustry
  Focus on Colors in Gemstones
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 26 Nuclear Chemistry
  26-1 The Phenomenon of Radioactivity
  26-2 Naturally Occurring Radioactive Isotopes
  26-3 Nuclear Reactions and Artificially Induced Radioactivity
  26-4 Transuranium Elements
  26-5 Rate of Radioactive Decay
  26-6 Energetics of Nuclear Reactions
  26-7 Nuclear Stability
  26-8 Nuclear Fission
  26-9 Nuclear Fusion
  26-10 Effect of Radiation on Matter
  26-11 Applications of Radioisotopes
  Focus on Radioactive Waste Disposal
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems
  eMedia Exercises
 27 Organic Chemistry
  27.1 Organic Compounds and Structures: An Overview
  27-2 Alkanes
  27-3 Alkenesand Alkynes
  27-4 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  27-5 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
  27-6 Aldehydesand Ketones
  27-7 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
  27-8 Amines
  27-9 Heterocyclic Compounds
  27-10 Nomenclature of Stereoisomers in Organic Compounds
  27-11 An Introduction to Substitution Reactions at sp3 Hvbridized Carbon Atoms
  27-12 Synthesis of Organic Compounds
  27-13 Polymerization Reactions
  Focus on Natural and Synthetic Dyes Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems eMedia Exercises
 28 Chemistry of the Living State
  28-1 Chemical Structure of Living Matter: An Overview
  28-2 Lipids
  28-3 Carbohydrates
  28-4 Proteins
  28-5 Aspects of Metabolism
  28-6 Nucleic Acids
  Focus on Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code
  Summary Integrative Example Key Terms
  Review Questions Exercises
  Integrative and Advanced Exercises Feature Problems eMedia Exercises
 Appendixes
 A Mathematical Operations
  A-1 Exponential Arithmetic
  A-2 Logarithms
  A-3 Algebraic Operations
  A-4 Graphs
  A-5 Using Conversion Factors (Dimensional Analysis)
 B Some Basic Physical Concepts
  B-1 Velocity and Acceleration
  B-2 Force and Work
  B-3 Energy
  B-4 Magnetism
  B-5 Static Electricity
  B-6 Current Electricity
  B-7 Electromagnetism
 C SI Units
  C-1 SI Base Units
  C-2 SI Prefixes
  C-3 Derived SI Units
  C-4 Units to Be Discouraged or Abandoned
 D Data Tables
  D-1 Ground-State Electron Configurations
  D-2 Thermodynamic Properties of Substances at 298.15 K
  D-3 Equilibrium Constants
  D-4 Standard Electrode (Reduction) Potentials at 25 ℃
 E Glossary
 F Answers to Practice Examples and Selected Exercises
 Photo Credits
 Index Ⅱ