Part One Linguistic Characteristics and Translation Logic of English for Specific Purposes 001
Unit 1 Basic Characteristics of English for Specific Purposes 002
1.1 Linguistic Characteristics 002
1.1.1 Objectivity and Impersonality 002
1.1.2 Accuracy and Precision 004
1.1.3 Conciseness and Economy 006
1.1.4 Formality and Rigor 006
1.2 Lexical Characteristics 007
1.2.1 High Density of Technical Terms 007
1.2.2 Clear Etymology 009
1.2.3 Prevalence of Acronyms and Abbreviations 011
1.2.4 Prominence of Nominalization 012
Unit 2 Translation of English for Specific Purposes 013
2.1 Grammatical Features 013
2.1.1 Frequent Use of the Passive Voice 013
2.1.2 Extensive Use of Non-finite Verbs 014
2.1.3 Complexity of Sentence Structures 016
2.2 Structural Features 017
2.2.1 Clear and Logical Organization 017
2.2.2 Cohesion and Coherence 020
2.3 Translation Strategies 022
2.3.1 The Foundation of Translation: Contextual Dependence and Professional Knowledge Integration 022
2.3.2 Lexical Level Strategies: Terminological Precision and Structural Conversion 023
2.3.3 Syntactic Level Strategies: Complex Sentence Deconstruction and Voice Transformation 024
2.3.4 Logical and Stylistic Equivalence: Faithful Reproduction of the Scientific Spirit 025
2.3.5 Beyond Linguistic Conversion: Cultural Adaptation and Information Augmentation 025
2.3.6 Integrated Practice Principle: From Formal Equivalence to Functional Equivalence 026

Part Two Introduction 029
Unit 3 Hydrologic Cycle 030
Reading Material A 033
Reading Material B 036
Unit 4 Analytical Techniques and Methodologies 038
Reading Material A 042
Reading Material B 044
Unit 5 Black and Odorous Water Body 045
Reading Material A 050
Reading Material B 052

Part Three Water Supply and Sewerage System 055
Unit 6 Water Supply System 056
Reading Material A 059
Reading Material B 062
Unit 7 Wastewater Collection and Sewerage System Design 064
Reading Material A 069
Reading Material B 072
Unit 8 Stormwater Collection and the Sponge City 074
Reading Material A 079
Reading Material B 081
Unit 9 Pumps and Pumping Stations 084
Reading Material A 089
Reading Material B 091

Part Four Physical-Chemical Treatment Process 095
Unit 10 Coagulation and Flocculation 096
Reading Material A 101
Reading Material B 103
Unit 11 Sedimentation 106
Reading Material A 111
Reading Material B 113
Unit 12 Filtration 116
Reading Material A 121
Reading Material B 124
Unit 13 Disinfection 127
Reading Material A 131
Reading Material B 135
Unit 14 Adsorption 138
Reading Material A 144
Reading Material B 147
Unit 15 Membrane Filtration Processes 150
Reading Material A 155
Reading Material B 157

Part Five Biological Treatment Process 159
Unit 16 Activated Sludge Process 160
Reading Material A 163
Reading Material B 165
Unit 17 Attached Growth Biological Treatment Process 167
Reading Material A 171
Reading Material B 173
Unit 18 Anaerobic Biological Treatment 176
Reading Material A 180
Reading Material B 182

Part Six Sludge Treatment, Reuse and Disposal 185
Unit 19 Thickening 186
Reading Material A 191
Reading Material B 194
Unit 20 Anaerobic Digestion 196
Reading Material A 200
Reading Material B 203
Unit 21 Dewatering 207
Reading Material A 210
Reading Material B 213
Unit 22 Sludge Utilization and Disposal 216
Reading Material A 220
Reading Material B 222

Part Seven Building Water Supply and Drainage 225
Unit 23 Cold Water Supply 226
Reading Material A 229
Reading Material B 231
Unit 24 Building Drainage System 234
Reading Material A 237
Reading Material B 239
Unit 25 Sprinklers – Principle 241
Reading Material A 246
Reading Material B 248

Part Eight Application of Digital Twins in Water Supply and Drainage Systems 251
Unit 26 Smart Water 252
Reading Material A 256
Reading Material B 257
Unit 27 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Water Supply and Drainage 259
Reading Material A 262
Reading Material B 263

References 266