前言
符号表
缩略语
第1章概述1
11简介1
12风力发电系统概述1
121装机容量和发展速度1
122各种容量的风力机2
123离网及并网应用3
124陆上及海上应用3
125风力发电系统的成本6
13风力机的技术8
131水平轴和垂直轴风力机8
132定速和变速风力机10
133失速型和变桨型风力机功率控制10
14风力发电系统结构11
141不带变流器的定速风力发电系统12
142基于部分功率变流器的变速风力发电系统13
143带全功率变流器的变速系统15
15并网导则17
151故障穿越要求18
152无功功率控制18
16小结19
参考文献19
第2章风力发电系统控制原理21
21简介21
22风力机21
221叶片22
222变桨距机构24
223齿轮箱25
224风轮机械制动器27
225发电机27
226偏航控制系统28
227塔架和基础30
228风向风速传感器（风速计）31
23风力机空气动力学32
231风力机的功率特性32
232气动功率控制：被动失速、主动失速和变桨距控制技术33
233叶尖速度比36
24最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）控制37
241基于风力机功率曲线的最大功率点跟踪控制38
242基于最佳叶尖速度比的最大功率点跟踪控制38
243基于最优转矩控制的最大功率点跟踪控制39
25小结40
参考文献40
第3章风力发电机和建模41
31简介41
32参考坐标系变换42
321abc/dq参考坐标系变换42
322abc/αβ参考坐标系变换45
33异步发电机模型45
331结构45
332空间矢量模型46
333dq轴参考坐标系模型48
334仿真模型49
335异步发电机的暂态特性51
336稳态等效电路54
34同步发电机60
341结构60
342同步发电机动态模型62
343稳态等效电路66
35小结70
参考文献71
第4章风力发电系统中的功率变流器72
41介绍72
42交流电压控制器（软起动器）73
421单相交流电压控制器73
422三相交流电压控制器75
43多重化并联升压变流器80
431单通道升压变流器81
432双通道多重化并联升压变流器84
433多通道多重化并联升压变流器88
44两电平电压源变流器91
441正弦波PWM92
442空间矢量调制94
443谐波分析102
45三电平中点箝位式变流器103
451变流器拓扑104
452空间矢量调制105
46PWM电流源变流器108
461电流源逆变器拓扑108
462特定谐波消除108
463空间矢量调制110
464PWM电流源整流器116
47并网逆变器控制117
471电压定向控制118
472具有解耦控制器的电压定向控制120
473采用电压定向控制和无功功率控制的并网逆变器122
48小结125
参考文献125
第5章风力发电系统结构127
51简介127
52定速风力发电系统128
521单速风力发电系统128
522双速风力发电系统129
53基于异步发电机的变速风力发电系统130
531带有外部转子电阻的绕线转子异步发电机130
532具有部分功率变流器的双馈异步发电机风力发电系统131
533采用全功率变流器的笼型异步发电机风力发电系统132
54变速同步风力发电系统135
541采用全功率背靠背功率变流器结构135
542采用二极管整流器和DC/DC变流器结构135
543用于多绕组发电机的分布式变流器139
55小结141
参考文献142
第6章基于异步发电机的定速风力发电系统143
61简介143
62定速风力发电系统结构143
621风力机143
622齿轮箱144
623发电机144
624软起动器145
625无功功率补偿145
626主要特征和缺点146
63工作原理147
631笼型异步发电机的定速运行147
632定速风力发电系统的双速运行147
64采用软起动器并网150
65无功功率补偿152
66小结156
参考文献156
第7章基于笼型异步发电机的变速风力发电系统157
71简介157
72直接磁场定向控制157
721磁场定向157
722笼型异步发电机风力发电系统直接磁场定向控制159
723转子磁链计算器160
724直接磁场定向控制风力发电系统的动态和稳态分析161
73间接磁场定向控制168
731间接磁场定向控制的工作原理168
732采用间接磁场定向控制的笼型异步发电机风力发电系统的稳态分析170
74直接转矩控制技术173
741直接转矩控制的原理173
742开关逻辑174
743定子磁链和转矩计算器176
744基于直接转矩控制的笼型异步发电机风力发电系统暂态分析178
745基于直接转矩控制的笼型异步发电机风力发电系统稳态分析179
75电流源变流器风力发电系统的控制184
751简介184
752在变化量α和固定值m条件下，对电流源变流器风力发电系统的控制186
753电流源变流器风力发电系统的稳态性能分析188
76小结194
参考文献195
第8章基于双馈异步发电机的风力发电系统196
81简介196
82双馈异步发电机的超同步和亚同步运行197
83双馈异步发电机的单位功率因数运行198
831带转子侧变流器的双馈异步发电机稳态等效电路199
832双馈异步发电机风力发电系统的转矩转差率特性203
833双馈异步发电机风力发电系统在PFs=1时的稳态分析206
834简化计算208
84超前和滞后功率因数运行210
85双馈异步发电机风力发电系统定子电压定向控制212
851定子电压定向控制的原理212
852系统控制框图215
853双馈异步发电机风力发电系统的暂态特性216
854双馈异步发电机风力发电系统的稳态性能219
86双馈异步发电机风力发电系统的起动和实验224
87小结226
参考文献226
第9章基于同步发电机的变速风力发电系统228
91简介228
92系统结构228
93同步发电机的控制229
931零d轴电流（ZDC）控制229
932单位电流最大转矩（MTPA）控制231
933单位功率因数（UPF）控制232
934零d轴电流、单位电流最大转矩和单位功率因数控制方法的比较234
94采用背靠背电压源变流器的同步发电机风力发电系统239
941采用零d轴电流控制和最优转矩控制的隐极式同步发电机风力发电系统240
942隐极式同步发电机风力发电系统的暂态和稳态分析241
943凸极式同步发电机风力发电系统的单位电流最大转矩和转速反馈控制244
944凸极式同步发电机风力发电系统的暂态和稳态分析246
945网侧最大功率点跟踪控制251
95采用DC/DC升压变流器的同步发电机风力发电系统252
96同步发电机风力发电系统的无功功率控制254
97基于电流源变流器（CSC）的同步发电机风力发电系统257
971采用触发延迟角控制的电流源变流器风力发电系统257
972采用电流源变流器的风力发电系统的无功功率控制261
98小结264
参考文献264
附录265
附录A标幺值规定265
附录B发电机参数266
B1笼型异步发电机266
B2双馈异步发电机269
B3同步发电机271
附录C问题与解答274符号表符号表
Asweep area of turbine rotor blades风力机风轮叶片扫掠面积
Cifilter capacitor of current source inverter电流源逆变器滤波电容器
Cppower coefficient of blade叶片功率系数
Cpmaxmaximum power coefficient of blade叶片最大功率系数
Crfilter capacitor of current source rectifier电流源整流器滤波电容
Dduty cycle of boost converter升压变流器占空比
D1coefficient in the model of induction generators异步发电机模型中的系数
Edc capacitor voltage of threelevel NPC converter三电平中点箝位式变流器直流电容电压
battery voltage in dc link circuit直流母线电池电压
ffundamental frequency of inverter output voltage逆变器输出电压的基波频率
fcrfrequency of carrier wave in sinusoidal pulse width modulation正弦波脉（冲）宽（度）调制中的载波频率
fgfrequency of the grid电网频率
fmfrequency of modulating wave in sinusoidal pulse width modulation正弦波脉（冲）宽（度）调制中的调制波频率
focutoff frequency of a first order lowpass filter一阶低通滤波器的截止频率
fsstator frequency of induction or synchronous generators异步或同步发电机的定子频率
fspsampling frequency in space vector modulation空间矢量调制的采样频率
fswswitching frequency of solid state switching device固态开关器件的开关频率
fsw,invequivalent switching frequency of inverter逆变器的等效开关频率
iaphasea current of AC voltage controller交流电压控制器a相电流
iagphasea current of the grid电网a相电流
iarphasea rotor current of induction generator异步发电机a相转子电流
iasphase a stator current of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机a相定子电流
iawiphasea PWM current of current source inverter电流源逆变器的a相PWM电流
iawrphasea PWM current of current source rectifier电流源整流器的a相PWM电流
ibphaseb current of AC voltage controller交流电压控制器的b相电流
ibgphaseb current of the grid电网b相电流
ibrphaseb rotor current of induction generator异步发电机b相转子电流
ibsphasec stator current of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机c相定子电流
ibwiphaseb current of current source inverter电流源逆变器b相电流
icphasec current of AC voltage controller交流电压控制器c相电流
iciddaxis filter capacitor current in current source inverter电流源逆变器d轴滤波电容电流
iciqqaxis filter capacitor current of current source inverter电流源逆变器q轴滤波电容电流
icgphasec current of the grid电网c相电流
icrphasec rotor current of induction generator异步发电机c相转子电流
i→crfilter capacitor current vector of current source rectifier电流源整流器滤波电容电流矢量
icrddaxis filter capacitor current in current source rectifier电流源整流器d轴滤波电容电流
icrqqaxis filter capacitor current in current source rectifier电流源整流器q轴滤波电容电流
icsphasec stator current of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机c相定子电流
icwphasec PWM current of current source inverter电流源逆变器c相PWM电流
idcdc link current直流环节电流
i*dcdc link reference current直流环节给定电流
i*dcidc link reference current of current source inverter电流源逆变器直流环节给定电流
i*dcrdc link reference current of current source rectifier电流源整流器直流环节给定电流
idgdaxis current of the grid电网d轴电流
i*dgdaxis reference current for the grid电网d轴给定电流
idrdaxis rotor current of induction generator异步发电机d轴转子电流
i*drdaxis rotor reference current of DFIG双馈异步发电机d轴转子给定电流
idsdaxis stator current of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机d轴定子电流
i*dsdaxis stator reference current of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机d轴定子给定电流
i*dwidaxis PWM reference current of current source inverter电流源逆变器d轴PWM给定电流
idwrdaxis PWM current of current source rectifier电流源整流器d轴PWM电流
i*dwrdaxis PWM reference current of current source rectifier电流源整流器d轴PWM给定电流
igcurrent of the grid电网电流
ig1gate signal for thyristor T1 in AC voltage controller交流电压控制器晶闸管T1门极信号
ig2gate signal for thyristor T2 in AC voltage controller交流电压控制器晶闸管T2门极信号
ig3gate signal for thyristor T3 in AC voltage controller交流电压控制器晶闸管T3门极信号
ig4gate signal for thyristor T4 in AC voltage controller交流电压控制器晶闸管T4门极信号
ig5gate signal for thyristor T5 in AC voltage controller交流电压控制器晶闸管T5门极信号
ig6gate signal for thyristor T6 in AC voltage controller交流电压控制器晶闸管T6门极信号
iiinput current of boost converter升压变流器输入电流
iL1current through inductor L1 in boost converter升压变流器通过电感L1的电流
iL2current through inductor L2 in boost converter升压变流器通过电感L2的电流
iooutput current of boost converter升压变流器输出电流
iqgqaxis current of the grid电网q轴电流
i*qgqaxis reference current for the grid电网q轴给定电流
iqrqaxis rotor current of induction generator异步发电机q轴转子电流
i*qrqaxis rotor reference current of DFIG双馈异步发电机q轴转子给定电流
iqsqaxis stator current of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机q轴定子电流
i*qsqaxis stator reference current of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机q轴定子给定电流
i*qwiqaxis PWM reference current of CSI电流源逆变器q轴PWM给定电流
iqwrqaxis PWM current of current source rectifier电流源整流器q轴PWM电流
i*qwrqaxis PWM reference current of current source rectifier电流源整流器q轴PWM给定电流
irrotor current of induction generator or doubly fed induction generator异步发电机或双馈异步发电机转子电流
i→rrotor current vector of induction generator异步发电机转子电流矢量
irefmagnitude (length) of reference current vector i→ref给定电流矢量i→ref的幅值（长度）
i→refreference current vector of current source converter电流源变流器给定电流矢量
iref,maxmaximum magnitude of reference current vector i→ref给定电流矢量i→ref的最大幅值
isstator current of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机定子电流
i→sstator current vector of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机定子电流矢量
i*wiPWM reference current of current source inverter电流源逆变器PWM给定电流
iwrPWM current of current source rectifier电流源整流器PWM电流
i→wrPWM current vector in current source rectifier电流源整流器PWM电流矢量
i*wrPWM reference current in current source rectifier电流源整流器PWM给定电流
iααaxis currentα轴电流
iββaxis currentβ轴电流
Iagrms value of grid phasea current电网a相电流有效值
Iawnrms value of the nth order harmonic current in current source inverter电流源逆变器n次谐波电流有效值
Iaw1,maxmaximum rms fundamentalfrequency current in current source inverter电流源逆变器基波电流最大有效值
Icrfilter capacitor current in current source rectifier(complex)电流源整流器滤波电容电流（复数）
Idcaverage value of dc link current直流环节电流平均值
Idsrms value of daxis stator current of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机d轴定子电流有效值
Iffield current of synchronous generator同步发电机的励磁电流
Igrms value of grid phase current电网相电流有效值
Iiaverage value of boost converter input current升压变流器输入电流平均值
I→kcurrent space vector in current source converter (k=0,1,…，6)电流源变流器电流空间矢量(k=0,1,…，6)
IL1average value of inductor L1 current in boost converter升压变流器电感L1的电流平均值
IL2average value of inductor L2 current in boost converter升压变流器电感L2的电流平均值
ILBinductor boundary current between the CCM and DCM连续导通模式和断续导通模式的电感临界电流
ILB,maxmaximum inductor boundary current最大电感临界电流
Immagnetizing current of induction generators (complex)异步发电机励磁电流（复数）
Ioaverage value of output current of boost converter升压变流器输出电流平均值
IoBboundary output current of boost converter升压变流器临界输出电流
IoB,maxmaximum boundary output current最大临界输出电流
Iqsrms value of qaxis stator current of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机q轴定子电流有效值
Irrms value of rotor current of induction generator异步发电机转子电流有效值
Irrotor current of induction generator (complex)异步发电机转子电流（复数）
Isrms value of stator current of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机定子电流有效值
Isstator current of induction generator (complex)异步发电机定子电流（复数）
IwrPWM current of current source rectifier (complex)电流源整流器PWM电流（复数）
Jmoment of inertia转动惯量
knumber of harmonics to be eliminated by SHE scheme采用特定谐波消除控制所消除的谐波次数
KTarmature constant KT=2PLm3Lr电枢常数KT=2PLm3Lr
K1coefficient of boost converterK1=2L1K1TsDIo升压变流器系数K1=2L1K1TsDIo
Kmcoefficient Km=Tm,R/ωm,R系数Km=Tm,R/ωm,R
Linductance of each interleave boost converter多重化升压变流器各通道电感
Lddaxis self inductance of synchronous generator同步发电机d轴自感
Ldcdc link inductance直流环节电感
Leqequivalent inductance of rotorside converter in DFIG双馈异步发电机转子侧变流器等效电感
Lggrid side line inductance网侧电感
Llrrotor leakage inductance of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机转子漏感
Llsstator leakage inductance of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机定子漏感
LLinductance of threephase RL load三相阻感负载的电感
Lmmagnetizing inductance of induction generator异步发电机励磁电感
Lqqaxis self inductance of synchronous generator同步发电机q轴自感
Lrrotor selfinductance of induction generator异步发电机转子自感
Lsstator selfinductance of induction or synchronous generator异步或同步发电机定子自感
maamplitude modulation index of SPWM or SVM正弦波脉冲宽度调制或空间矢量调制的幅值调制因数
ma,maxmaximum modulation index of SPWM or SVM正弦波脉冲宽度调制或空间矢量调制的最大调制因数
mffrequency modulation index in sinusoidal pulse width modulation正弦脉（冲）宽（度）调制的频率调制因数
mimodulation index of current source inverter电流源逆变器调制因数
mimaxmaximum modulation index of current source inverter电流源逆变器最大调制因数
mmaxmaximum modulation index最大调制因数
mrmodulation index of current source rectifier电流源整流器调制因数
mrmaxmaximum modulation index of current source rectifier电流源整流器最大调制因数
nmgenerator speed in rpm发电机转速
nMturbine speed in rpm风力机转速
nrrotor speed of induction and synchronous generator in rpm异步或同步发电机转子转速(r/min)
Nnumber of channels of interleaved boost converter多重化升压变流器的通道数
NPnumber of pulses per half cycle of current source converter电流源变流器每半周期的脉冲数
pderivative operator (p=d/dt)微分算子
Pnumber of pole pairs极对数
system active power系统有功功率
Pacac side active power of converter变流器交流侧有功功率
Pagairgap power of induction generator异步发电机气隙功率
Pcu,sstator copper loss of induction generator异步发电机的定子铜损耗
Pcu,rrotor copper loss of induction generators异步发电机的转子铜损耗
PFpower factor功率因数
PFsstator power factor定子功率因数
PFLload power factor负载功率因数
Pdcdc power of converter变流器的直流功率
Pgactive power delivered to the grid输送到电网的有功功率
Pmmechanical power of generator发电机机械功率
PMmechanical power captured by turbine风力机捕获的机械功率
PLload active power负载有功功率
Prrotor power of DFIG双馈异步发电机的转子功率
Protrotational power losses of generator发电机机械损耗
Psstator active power of generator发电机定子有功功率
Pwwind power风能
Qreactive power无功功率
Qggridside reactive power网侧无功功率
Q*ggridside reactive power reference网侧给定无功功率
Qg,maxmaximum gridside reactive power最大网侧无功功率
Q*GSCreactive power reference of gridside converter in DFIG 双馈异步发电机网侧变流器的给定无功功率
QLload reactive power负载无功功率
Qsstator reactive power of DFIG双馈异步发电机的定子无功功率
Q*sstator reactive power reference给定定子无功功率
rgbgearbox conversion ratio (gear ratio)齿轮箱传动比
rTradius of turbine rotor (blade length)风力机风轮半径（叶片长度）
Rload resistance of boost converter升压变流器的负载电阻
resistance of simplified generatorside converter简化的发电机侧变流器电阻
Reqequivalent resistance of rotorside converter in DFIG双馈异步发电机转子侧变流器的等效电阻
Rrrotor winding resistance of induction generator异步发电机的转子绕组电阻
Rsstator winding resistance of induction and synchronous generator异步或同步发电机定子绕组电阻
RLresistance of threephase RL load三相阻感负载中的电阻
sslip of induction generator异步发电机的转差
sTmaxslip at the maximum torque最大转矩时的转差率
sLaplace operator拉普拉斯算子
apparent power of system系统视在功率
Sggridside apparent power网侧视在功率
tonturnon time of boost converter升压变流器导通时间
toffturnoff time of boost converter升压变流器关断时间
T0dwell time for voltage vector V→0 and current vector I→oin space vector modulation空间矢量调制中电压矢量V→0和电流矢量I→o的作用时间
Tadwell time for voltage vector V→1 in space vector modulation空间矢量调制中电压矢量V→1的作用时间
Tbdwell time for voltage vector V→2 in space vector modulation空间矢量调制中电压矢量V→2的作用时间
T1dwell time for current vector I→1 in space vector modulation空间矢量调制中电流矢量I→1的作用时间
T2dwell time for current vector I→2 in space vector modulation空间矢量调制中电流矢量I→2的作用时间
Teelectromagnetic torque of induction and synchronous generators异步或同步发电机的电磁转矩
T*eelectromagnetic torque reference给定电磁转矩
TLload torque负载转矩
Tmmechanical torque from generator shaft发电机输入机械转矩
TMmechanical torque generated by turbine风力机产生的机械转矩
Tmaxmaximum torque最大转矩
符号表风力发电系统的功率变换与控制ⅩⅦⅩⅧTsswitching period of solid switching device固态开关器件的开关周期
sampling period of space vector modulation空间矢量调制的采样周期
vaphasea voltagea相电压
v*aphasea reference voltagea相给定电压
vabinverter linetoline voltage between phasea and phaseba相与b相间的逆变器线电压
vABlinetoline supply voltage of threephase AC voltage controller三相交流电压控制器的电源线电压
vab1fundamental frequency component of inverter linetoline voltage vab逆变器线电压vab的基波分量
vabslinetoline stator voltage or rectifier PWM voltage定子线电压或整流器PWM电压
vabs1fundamental component of linetoline voltage vabs线电压vabs的基波分量
vagphasea grid voltagea相电网电压
v*aiphasea reference voltage of PWM inverterPWM逆变器a相给定电压
vanphasea load voltage of threephase AC voltage controller三相交流电压控制器的a相负载电压
vaNphasea load voltage of twolevel voltage source converter两电平电压源变流器a相负载电压
vANphaseA supply voltage of threephase AC voltage controller三相交流电压控制器的A相电源电压
varphasea rotor voltage of DFIG双馈异步发电机的a相转子电压
v*arphasea reference rotor voltagea相给定转子电压
var1fundamental frequency component of phasea rotor voltage of DFIG双馈异步发电机a相转子电压的基波分量
vasphasea stator voltage of induction and synchronous generator异步或同步发电机的a相定子电压
v*asphasea reference voltage for PWM rectifierPWM 整流器a相给定电压
vas1fundamental frequency component of the phasea stator voltagea相定子电压的基波分量
vaZphasea terminal voltage of threelevel NPC inverter三电平中点箝位式逆变器的a相端电压
vbphaseb voltageb相电压
v*bphaseb reference voltageb相给定电压
vbclinetoline voltage between phase b and phase cb相和c相间的线电压
vBClinetoline supply voltage between phase B and phase C of AC voltage controller交流电压控制器的B相与C相间的电源线电压
vbgphaseb grid voltage电网b相电压
v*biphaseb reference voltage of PWM inverterPWM 逆变器b相给定电压
vbnphaseb load voltage of threephase AC voltage controller三相交流电压控制器的b相负载电压
vbNphaseb load voltage of twolevel voltage source converter两电平电压源变流器的b相负载电压
vBNphaseB supply voltage of threephase AC voltage controller三相交流电压控制器的B相电源电压
vbrphaseb rotor voltage of DFIG双馈异步发电机的b相转子电压
v*brphaseb rotor reference voltageb相转子给定电压
vbsphaseb stator voltage of induction and synchronous generator异步和同步发电机b相定子电压
v*bsphaseb reference voltage for PWM rectifierPWM整流器b相给定电压
vbZphaseb terminal voltage of threelevel NPC inverter三电平中点箝位式逆变器b相端电压
vcphasec voltagec相电压
v*cphasec reference voltagec相给定电压
vcalinetoline voltage between phase c and phase ac相和a相间的线电压
vCAlinetoline supply voltage between phase C and phase AC相和A相间的电源线电压
vcicapacitor voltage in current source inverter电流源逆变器电容电压
v*ciphasec reference voltage of PWM inverterPWM逆变器c相给定电压
vcgphasec voltage of the grid电网c相电压
vcnphasec load voltage threephase AC voltage controller三相交流电压控制器c相负载电压
vcNphasec load voltage of twolevel voltage source converter两电平电压源变流器c相负载电压
v*crphasec rotor reference voltagec相转子给定电压
vcsphasec stator voltage of induction and synchronous generator异步和同步发电机c相定子电压
v*csphasec reference voltage for PWM rectifierPWM整流器c相给定电压
vcrtriangular carrier wave in sinusoidal pulse width modulation正弦波脉（冲）宽（度）调制中的三角载波
Phasec rotor voltage of DFIG双馈异步发电机的c相转子电压
vcZphasec terminal voltage of threelevel NPC inverter三电平中点箝位式逆变器c相端电压
vdcdc link voltage直流环节电压
v*dcreference dc link voltage直流环节给定电压
vdc1dc voltage of boost converter升压变流器直流电压
vdc2dc voltage of boost converter升压变流器直流电压
v*dciinverterside dc voltage reference逆变器侧给定直流电压
vdcrdc output voltage of current source rectifier电流源整流器的直流输出电压
vdgdaxis voltage of the grid电网d轴电压
vdidaxis voltage of grid tied inverter并网逆变器d轴电压
v*didaxis reference voltage of PWM inverterPWM逆变器d轴给定电压
vdrdaxis rotor voltaged轴转子电压
v*drdaxis rotor reference voltaged轴给定转子电压
vdsdaxis stator voltaged轴定子电压
v*dsdaxis reference voltage for PWM rectifierPWM整流器d轴给定电压
vggrid phase voltage网侧相电压
符号表风力发电系统的功率变换与控制ⅩⅨⅩⅩv→ggrid voltage vector网侧电压矢量
vg1gating signal of switch S1开关S1的控制极（门极、栅极或基极）信号
vg2gating signal of switch S2开关S2的控制极（门极、栅极或基极）信号
viinput voltage of boost converter升压变流器输入电压
output voltage of gridtied inverter并网逆变器输出电压
vL1inductor voltage电感电压
vmaphasea modulating wave in SPWM scheme正弦波脉（冲）宽（度）调制策略中的a相调制波
vmbphaseb modulating wave in SPWM scheme正弦波脉（冲）宽（度）调制策略中的b相调制波
vmcphasec modulating wave in SPWM scheme正弦脉冲宽度调制策略中的c相调制波
vqgqaxis voltage of the grid电网q轴电压
vqiqaxis voltage of gridtied inverter并网逆变器q轴电压
v*qiqaxis reference voltage of PWM inverterPWM 逆变器q轴给定电压
vqrqaxis rotor voltageq轴转子电压
v*qrqaxis rotor reference voltageq轴转子给定电压
vqsqaxis stator voltageq轴定子电压
v*qsqaxis reference voltage for PWM rectifierPWM整流器q轴给定电压
vrrotor voltage of DFIG双馈异步发电机转子电压
v→rrotor current vector转子电流矢量
vrefmagnitude (length) ofreference voltage vector v→ref给定电压矢量v→ref的幅值（长度）
v→refreference voltage vector给定电压矢量
vref,maxmaximum magnitude of reference voltage vector给定电压矢量的最大幅值
vssupply voltage of single phase AC voltage controller单相交流电压控制器的电源电压
stator voltage of induction and synchronous generator异步和同步发电机定子电压
v→sstator voltage vector定子电压矢量
vs1voltage across switch S1 in boost converter升压变流器中开关S1上的电压
vwwind velocity/speed风速
vααaxis voltageα轴电压
vββaxis voltageβ轴电压
V∧apeak value of inverter phasea voltage逆变器a相电压的峰值
Vabnthe nth order rms harmonic voltage of inverter linetoline voltage vab逆变器线电压vab的n次谐波电压有效值
Vab1,maxmaximum fundamental rms voltage of inverter linetoline voltage vab逆变器线电压vab的最大基波电压有效值
Vab,maxmaximum rms voltage of inverter linetoline voltage vab逆变器线电压vab的最大电压有效值
Vagrms value of grid phasea voltage电网a相电压有效值
Vanrms value of load phasea voltage负载a相电压有效值
VaNrms inverter terminal voltage (phasea)逆变器端电压有效值（a相）
VbNrms inverter terminal voltage (phaseb)逆变器端电压有效值（b相）
VcNrms inverter terminal voltage (phasec)逆变器端电压有效值（c相）
V∧crpeak value of carrier wave in sinusoidal pulse width modulation正弦波脉（冲）宽（度）调制中的载波峰值
Vdcaverage value of dc link voltage直流环节电压平均值
V*dcdc link reference current给定直流环节电流
Vdsdaxis rms stator voltage of induction and synchronous generator异步和同步发电机d轴定子电压有效值
Vgrms grid phase voltage电网相电压有效值
Viaverage value of input dc voltage in boost converter升压变流器输入直流电压平均值
Vi1rms fundamentalfrequency component of converter phase voltage vi变流器相电压vi的基波分量有效值
V∧i1peak value of fundamentalfrequency component of converter phase voltage变流器相电压基波分量峰值
V→kvoltage space vector (for two level k=0,1…，6, three level k=0,1…，18)
电压空间矢量（对于两电平k=0,1…，6, 三电平k=0,1…，18）
V∧mpeak value of modulating wave in sinusoidal pulse width modulation正弦波脉（冲）宽（度）调制中的调制波峰值
Vmmagnetizing voltage of induction generator (complex)异步发电机励磁电压（复数）
Voaverage value of output dc voltage in boost converter升压变流器输出直流电压平均值
rms value of singlephase AC voltage controller output voltage单相交流电压控制器输出电压有效值
Vqsqaxis rms stator voltage of induction and synchronous generator异步和同步发电机q轴定子电压有效值
Vrrotor voltage of induction generators (complex)异步发电机转子电压（复数）
Vsrms value of supply phase voltage电源相电压有效值
rms stator voltage定子电压有效值
Vsstator voltage of induction and synchronous generator (complex)异步和同步发电机定子电压（复数）
xaphasea variable in the abc stationary reference frameabc静止参考坐标系中的a相变量
xbphaseb variable in the abc stationary reference frameabc静止参考坐标系中的b相变量
xcphasec variable in the abc stationary reference frameabc静止参考坐标系中的c相变量
xddaxis variable in an arbitrary dq reference frame任意dq参考坐标系中的d轴
符号表风力发电系统的功率变换与控制ⅩⅪⅩⅫxqqaxis variable in an arbitrary dq reference frame任意dq参考坐标系中的q轴
xααaxis variable in a twophase stationary frame两相静止坐标系中的α轴
xββaxis variable in a twophase stationary frame两相静止坐标系中的β轴
Xcreactance of capacitor in parallel with induction generator与异步发电机并联的电容容抗
Xlrrotor leakage reactance of induction generator异步发电机的转子漏抗
Xlsstator leakage reactance of induction and synchronous generators异步和同步发电机的定子漏抗
Xeqequivalent reactance of rotorside converter in DFIG双馈异步发电机转子侧变流器的等效电抗
Xmmagnetizing impedance of induction generators异步发电机的励磁阻抗
Zeqequivalent impedance of the rotorside converter in DFIG双馈异步发电机转子侧变流器的等效阻抗
Zeqequivalent impedance of the rotorside converter in DFIG (complex)双馈异步发电机转子侧变流器的等效阻抗（复数）
Zmmagnetizing impedance of induction generator异步发电机的励磁阻抗
Zrrotor impedance of induction generator异步发电机的转子阻抗
Zrmequivalent impedance of rotor and magnetizing branch of induction generator异步发电机的转子和励磁支路等效阻抗
Zstotal input complex impedance of generator(complex)发电机的总输入复阻抗（复数）
Zsrequivalent statorrotor impedance of induction generators异步发电机的等效定子转子阻抗
αangle of attack of blade叶片攻角
delay angle of thyristor晶闸管触发延迟角
delay angle of current source converter电流源变流器的触发延迟角
αidelay angle of current source inverter电流源逆变器的触发延迟角
αrdelay angle of current source rectifier电流源整流器的触发延迟角
αRrated (optimal) angle of attack of blade额定（最佳）叶片攻角
δangle of stator current vector with respect to qaxis相对于q轴的定子电流矢量角
φggrid power factor angle电网功率因数角
φLload power factor angle负载功率因数角
φrrotor power factor angle转子功率因数角
φsstator power factor angle定子功率因数角
ηefficiency of generator发电机效率
λarrotor phasea flux linkage转子a相磁链
λdrdaxis rotor flux linkaged轴转子磁链
λdsdaxis stator flux linkaged轴定子磁链
λqrqaxis rotor flux linkageq轴转子磁链
λqsqaxis stator flux linkageq轴定子磁链
λrrotor flux linkage转子磁链
λ→rrotor flux linkage vector转子磁链矢量
λ*rreference rotor flux linkage给定转子磁链
λ→sstator flux linkage vector定子磁链矢量
λ→*sreference stator flux linkage vector给定定子磁链矢量
λTtip speed ratio叶尖速度比
λToptoptimal tip speed ratio最佳叶尖速度比
θ(t)angular displacement between v→ref and the αaxis of the stationary reference framev→ref和静止参考坐标系α轴之间的角度差
angular displacement between i→ref and the αaxis of the stationary reference framei→ref和静止参考坐标系α轴之间的角度差
θ0initial angle of space vector空间矢量初始角
θciangle of capacitor voltage vector in current source inverter电流源逆变器电容电压矢量角
θfrotor flux angle of squirrel cage induction generator笼型异步发电机转子磁链角
θgangle of grid voltage vector电网电压矢量角
θiangle of stator current vector定子电流矢量角
θkswitching angle of SHE modulation scheme特定谐波消除调制策略的开关角
θrrotor position angle of induction generator异步发电机的转子位置角
θssynchronous angle of the dq framedq坐标系的同步角
angle of stator voltage vector of DFIG双馈异步发电机的定子电压矢量角
θslslip angle of induction generator异步发电机的转差角
θTtorque angle between stator and rotor flux vectors in DTC control直接转矩控制中定子与转子磁链矢量之间的转矩角
θvangle of stator voltage vector定子电压矢量角
θwifiring angle of current source inverter电流源逆变器触发延迟角
θwrfiring angle of current source rectifier电流源整流器触发延迟角
ρair density空气密度
σtotal leakage factor of induction generatorσ=1-L2mLsLr异步发电机总的漏磁系数
τrrotor time constant of induction generator异步发电机转子时间常数
ωrotating speed of an arbitrary reference frame任意参考坐标系中的转速
ωgangular frequency of the grid电网角频率
speed of grid synchronous frame电网同步坐标系速度
ωmrotor mechanical angular speed转子机械角速度
ω*mrotor mechanical reference angular speed转子给定机械角速度
ωMrotating speed of blade or turbine叶片或风力机的转速
ωrrotor electrical angular speed转子电角速度
ωssynchronous speed of the dq framedq坐标系的同步角速度
stator angular frequency定子角频率
符号表风力发电系统的功率变换与控制Ⅹωslangular slip frequency转差角频率
ΔIiinput ripple current of boost converter (peaktopeak)升压变流器的输入纹波电流（峰峰值）
ΔIi,maxmaximum input ripple current of boost converter (peaktopeak)升压变流器的最大输入纹波电流
ΔIiinput current ripple of boost converter (peaktopeak)升压变流器的输入纹波电流
ΔILinductor ripple current (peaktopeak)电感纹波电流（峰峰值）
ΔiL1inductor ripple current of boost converter升压变流器中电感的纹波电流
ΔIL1,maxmaximum inductor ripple current of boost converter (peaktopeak)升压变流器的最大电感纹波电流
ΔTetorque difference between reference and feedback给定转矩与反馈转矩之间的偏差
ΔVoripple voltage (peaktopeak)纹波电压（峰峰值）
Δλsstator flux error between reference and calculation给定定子磁链与计算定子磁链之间的误差
Λmrms value of rotor flux linkage转子磁链有效值
Λmmagnetizing flux linkage vector (complex)励磁磁链矢量（复数）
Λrrms value of rotor flux linkage转子磁链有效值
Λrrotor flux linkage vector (complex)转子磁链矢量（复数）
Λsrms value of stator flux linkage定子磁链有效值
Λsstator flux linkage vector (complex)定子磁链矢量（复数）缩略语
APCAerodynamic Power Control空气动能控制
CCMContinuous Current Mode连续电流模式
CSCCurrent Source Converter电流源变流器
CSICurrent Source Inverter电流源逆变器
CSRCurrent Source Rectifier电流源整流器
DCMDiscontinuous Current Mode断续电流模式
DFIGDoubly Fed Induction Generator双馈异步发电机
DTCDirect Torque Control直接转矩控制
FCFlux Controller磁链控制
FOCField Oriented Control磁场定向控制
GSCGridSide Converter网侧变流器
HAWTHorizontalAxis Wind Turbine水平轴风力机
HVACHigh Voltage Alternating Current高压交流
HVDCHigh Voltage Direct Current高压直流
IGInduction Generator异步发电机
LVRTLow Voltage Ride Through低电压穿越
MPPMaximum Power Point最大功率点
MPPTMaximum Power Point Tracking最大功率点跟踪
MTPAMaximum Torque Per Ampere Control单位电流最大转矩控制
MWMegawatts兆瓦
MVMedium Voltage中压
NPCNeutral Point Clamped Converter中点箝位式变流器
OPCOptimal Power Control最优功率控制
OTCOptimal Torque Control最优转矩控制
PCCPoint Common Coupling公共耦合点
PFPower Factor功率因数
PLLPhase Locked Loop锁相环
PMSGPermanent Magnet Synchronous Generator永磁同步发电机
RSCRotorSide Converter转子侧变流器
SCIGSquirrel Cage Induction Generator笼型异步发电机
SGSynchronous Generator同步发电机
SHESelective Harmonic Elimination特定谐波消除
SMPMSurfaceMounted Permanent Magnet表贴式永磁
SVMSpace Vector Modulation空间矢量调制
SVOCStator Voltage Oriented Control定子电压定向控制
TCTorque Controller转矩控制器
THDTotal Harmonic Distortion总谐波畸变率
THMTop Head Mass机头总重量
TSRTip Speed Ratio叶尖速度比
UPFUnity Power Factor Control单位功率因数控制
VAWTVerticalAxis Wind Turbine垂直轴风力机
VOCVoltage Oriented Control电压定向控制
VSCVoltage Source Converter电压源变流器
VSIVoltage Source Inverter电压源逆变器
WECSWind Energy Conversion System(s)风力发电系统
WRIGWound Rotor Induction Generator绕线转子异步发电机
WRSGWound Rotor Synchronous Generator绕线转子同步发电机
ZDCZero daxis Current Controld轴零电流控制
缩略语风力发电系统的功率变换与控制ⅩⅩⅤ