二十面体和5次方程的解的讲义(英文版)
作者: Felix Klein
出版时间:2019-05
出版社:高等教育出版社
- 高等教育出版社
- 9787040510225
- 1版
- 250832
- 45245758-3
- 精装
- 16开
- 2019-05
- 420
- 344
- 理学
- 数学
- 数学类
- 研究生(硕士、EMBA、MBA、MPA、博士)
前辅文
Part I Theory of the Icosahedron Itself
Chapter I The Regular Solids and the Theory of Groups
atement of the Question.
eliminary Notions of the Group-Theory
e Cyclic Rotation Groups
e Group of theDihedral Rotations.
e Quadratic Group.
e Group of the Tetrahedral Rotations.
e Group of the Octahedral Rotations
e Group of the Icosahedral Rotations
the Planes of Symmetry inOur Configurations
neral Groups of Points—Fundamental Domains
e Extended Groups
neration of the IcosahedralGroup.
neration of the Other Groups of Rotations.
Chapter II Introduction of (x +i y)
rst Presentation and Survey of the Developments of This Chapter
Those Linear Transformations of (x +i y) WhichCorrespond to Rotations Round the Centre
mogeneous Linear Substitutions—Their Composition.
turn to the Groups of Substitutions—the Cyclic and DihedralGroups
e Groups of the Tetrahedron andOctahedron
e IcosahedralGroup.
n-Homogeneous Substitutions—Consideration of the Extended Groups.
mple Isomorphism in the Case of Homogeneous Groups of Substitutions
variant Forms Belonging to a Group—The Set of Forms for the Cyclic andDihedralGroups
eparation for the Tetrahedral andOctahedral Forms.
e Set of Forms for the Tetrahedron.
e Set of Forms for the Octahedron
e Set of Forms for the Icosahedron.
e Fundamental Rational Functions
marks on the Extended Groups
Chapter III Statement and Discussion of the Fundamental Problem, According to the Theory of Functions
finition of the Fundamental Problem.
uction of the Form-Problem.
an of the Following Investigations
the Conformable Representation byMeans of the Function z(Z)
rch of the z1, z2 Function in General—Development in Series
ansition to theDifferential Equations of the ThirdOrder.
nnection with Linear Differential Equations of the Second Order
tual Establishment of the Differential Equation of the Third Order for z[Z].
near Differential Equations of the Second Order for z1 and z2
lations to Riemann’s P-Function.
Chapter IV On the Algebraical Character of Our Fundamental Problem
blemof the Present Chapter
the Group of an Algebraical Equation.
neral Remarks on Resolvents.
e Galois Resolvent in Particular
rshalling of our Fundamental Equations
nsideration of the Form-Problems
e Solution of the Equations of the Dihedron,Tetrahedron,andOctahedron.
e Resolvents of the Fifth Degree for the Icosahedral Equation
e Resolvent of the r ’s
putation of the Forms t andW
e Resolvent of the u’s.
e Canonical Resolvent of the Y ’s
nnection of the New Resolvent with the Resolvent of the r ’s
the Products of Differences for the u’s and the Y ’s.
e Simplest Resolvent of the SixthDegree.
ncluding Remarks.
Chapter V General Theorems and Survey of the Subject.
timation of our Process of Thought so far, and Generalisations Thereof
termination of all Finite Groups of Linear Substitutions of a Variable
gebraically Integrable Linear Homogeneous Differential Equations of the Second Order
nite Groups of Linear Substitutions for a Greater Number of Variables.
eliminary Glance at the Theory of Equations of the Fifth Degree,and Formulation of a General Algebraical Problem.
finiteGroups of Linear Substitutions of a Variable
lution of the Tetrahedral, Octahedral, and Icosahedral Equations by EllipticModular Functions.
rmulae for the Direct Solution of the Simplest Resolvent of the SixthDegree for the Icosahedron
gnificance of the Transcendental Solutions.
Part II Theory of Equations of the Fifth Degree
Chapter I The HistoricalDevelopment of the Theory of Equations of the Fifth Degree
finition of Our First Problem.
ementary Remarks on the Tschirnhausian Transformation—Bring’s Form.
ta Concerning Elliptic Functions
Hermite’sWork of 1858
e Jacobian Equations of the SixthDegree
onecker’sMethod for the Solution of Equations of the Fifth Degree
Kronecker’sWork of 1861.
ject of our Further Developments
Chapter II Introduction of GeometricalMaterial
undation of the Geometrical Interpretation
assification of the Curves and Surfaces.
e Simplest Special Cases of Equations of the Fifth Degree.
uations of the Fifth DegreeWhich Appertain to the Icosahedron.
ometrical Conception of the Tschirnhausian Transformation.
ecial Applications of the Tschirnhausian Transformation
ometrical Aspect of the Formation of Resolvents
Line Co-ordinates in Space.
9.A Resolvent of the Twentieth Degree of Equations of the Fifth Degree
eory of the Surface of the Second Degree.
Chapter III The Canonical Equations of the Fifth Degree
tation–The Fundamental Lemma.
termination of the Appropriate Parameter λ
termination of the Parameter μ.
e Canonical Resolvent of the Icosahedral Equation.
lution of the Canonical Equations of the Fifth Degree
rdan’s Process
bstitutions of the λ,μ’s—Invariant Forms.
neral Remarks on the Calculations WhichWe Have to Perform.
esh Calculation of theMagnitude m1
ometrical Interpretation ofGordan’s Theory
gebraical Aspects (After Gordan)
e Normal Equation of The rν’s
ing’s Transformation
eNormal Equation ofHermite.
Chapter IV The Problem of the A’s and the Jacobian Equations of the Sixth Degree
e Object of the Following Developments
e Substitutions of the A’s—Invariant Forms.
ometrical Interpretation—Regulation of the Invariant Expressions
e Problem of the A’s and Its Reduction.
the Simplest Resolvents of the Problem of the A’s
e General Jacobian Equation of the SixthDegree
ioschi’s Resolvent
eliminary Remarks on the Rational Transformation of Our Problem.
complishment of the Rational Transformation
oup-Theory Significance of Cogredience and Contragredience
roductory to the Solution of Our Problem.
rresponding Formulae.
Chapter V The General Equation of the Fifth Degree
rmulation of TwoMethods of Solution.
complishment of Our FirstMethod
iticismof theMethods of Bring andHermite.
eparation for Our SecondMethod of Solution.
the Substitutions of the A,A’s—Definite Formulation
e Formulae of Inversion ofOur SecondMethod
lations to Kronecker and Brioschi
parison of Our TwoMethods.
theNecessity of the Accessory Square Root
ecial Equations of the Fifth DegreeWhich Can Be Rationally Reduced to an Icosahedral Equation.
onecker’s Theorem.
Appendix