Preface Publisher's Acknowledgements PART I ARTIFIClAL INTELLIGENCE：ITS ROOTS AND SCOPE 1 A1：HISTORY AND APPLICATIONS 1.1 From Eden to ENIAC：Attitudes toward Intelligence，Knowledge，andHuman Artifice 1.2 0verview ofAl Application Areas 1.3 Artificial Intelligence A Summary 1.4 Epilogue and References 1.5 Exercises PART II ARTIFlClAL INTELLIGENCE AS REPRESENTATION AN D SEARCH 2 THE PREDICATE CALCULUS 2.0 Intr0血ction 2.1 The Propositional Calculus 2.2 The Predicate Calculus 2.3 Using Inference Rules to Produce Predicate Calculus Expressions 2.4 Application：A Logic—Based Financial Advisor 2.5 Epilogue and References 2.6 Exercises 3 STRUCTURES AND STRATEGIES FOR STATE SPACE SEARCH 3.0 Introducfion 3.1 GraphTheory 3.2 Strategies for State Space Search 3.3 using the state Space to Represent Reasoning with the Predicate Calculus 3.4 Epilogue and References 3.5 Exercises 4 HEURISTIC SEARCH 4.0 Introduction 4.l Hill Climbing and Dynamic Programmin9 4.2 The Best-First Search Algorithm 4.3 Admissibility,Monotonicity,and Informedness 4.4 Using Heuristics in Games 4.5 Complexity Issues 4.6 Epilogue and References 4.7 Exercises 5 STOCHASTIC METHODS 5.0 Introduction 5.1 The Elements ofCountin9 5.2 Elements ofProbabilityTheory 5.3 Applications ofthe Stochastic Methodology 5.4 Bayes’Theorem 5.5 Epilogue and References 5.6 Exercises 6 coNTROL AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE SPACE SEARCH 6.0 Introduction l93 6.1 sed Search 6.2 Production Systems 6.3 The Blackboard Architecture for Problem Solvin9 6.4 Epilogue and References 6.5 Exercises PARTIII CAPTURING INTELLIGENCE：THE AI CHALLENGE 7 KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 7.0 Issues in Knowledge Representation 7.1 A BriefHistory ofAI Representational Systems …… 8 STRONG METHOD PROBLEM SOLVING 9 REASONING IN UNCERTAIN SITUATIONSPART Ⅳ MACHINE LEARNING 10 MACHINE LEARNING:SYMBOL-BASED 11 MACHINE LEARNING:CONNECTIONIST 12 MACHINE LEARNING:GENETIC AND EMERGENT 13 MACHINE LEARNING:PROBABILISTICPART Ⅴ ADVANCED TOPICS FOR AI PROBLEM SOLVING 14 AUTOMATED REASONING 15 UNDERSTANDING NATURAL LANGUAGEPART Ⅵ EPILOGUE 16 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS EMPIRICAL ENQUIRY