- 科学出版社
- 9787030865922
- 1版
- 2026-07
作者简介
内容简介
本教材采用“以器官系统为中心”的医学教学模式，针对来华医学留学生的课程整合与教学改革需求，按照“系统-功能”模块化的思路统筹安排教学内容，将与运动系统相关的系统解剖、组织结构、生理功能、病理变化和药物治疗等有机融合。全书主要包括骨学、关节学和肌学三部分，编写模式打破学科间壁垒，删除了重复知识点。每部分内容（骨学、关节学、肌学）的内部编排均遵循科学的认知规律：系统解剖学→组织胚胎学→生理学→病理学→药理学，形成了一条清晰的教学主线。教师可以沿着“正常结构→微观基础→生理功能→疾病机制→药物治疗”的逻辑顺序进行讲授，学生也能顺着这条主线循序渐进地理解疾病发生发展的全过程。
目录
Contents
Part Ⅰ Anatomy of Locomotor System
Chapter 1 Anatomy of Bones 1
1.1 General Description 1
1.1.1 Shape and Classification of Bones 1
1.1.2 Bone Marking 2
1.1.3 Structure of Bones 2
1.1.4 Chemical Compositions and Physical Properties of Bones 2
1.1.5 Blood and Nerve Supply of Bones 3
1.1.6 Functions of Bones 3
1.2 Bones of Limbs 3
1.2.1 Bones of the Upper Limb 4
1.2.2 Bones of the Lower Limb 6
1.3 Axial Bones 10
1.3.1 Bones of the Trunk 10
1.3.2 Skull (Cranium) 13
1.3.3 Skull View as a Whole 16
Chapter 2 Anatomy of Joints 22
2.1 General Description 22
2.1.1 Synarthrosis 22
2.1.2 Diarthrosis 22
2.2 Joints of the Skull 25
2.2.1 Fibrous Joints and Cartilaginous Joints of the Skull 25
2.2.2 The Synovial Joint of the Skull 25
2.3 Joints of the Bones of the Trunk 26
2.3.1 Vertebral Column 26
2.3.2 The Whole View of the Vertebral Column and Its Movement 27
2.3.3 The Thoracic Joints 28
2.3.4 The Whole View of the Thoracic Cage and Its Movement 28
2.4 Joints of the Upper and Lower Limbs 29
2.4.1 Joints of the Upper Limb 30
2.4.2 Joints of the Lower Limb 32
Chapter 3 Anatomy of Muscles 38
3.1 Introduction 38
3.1.1 Morphology of Skeletal Muscles 38
3.1.2 Origin, Insertion and Action of Skeletal Muscles 38
3.1.3 Nomenclature of Muscles 39
3.1.4 Supplementary Structures of Muscles 39
3.2 Muscles of the Head and Neck 39
3.2.1 Muscles of the Head 39
3.2.2 Muscles of the Neck 40
3.3 Muscles of the Trunk 40
3.3.1 Muscles of the Back 40
3.3.2 Muscles of the Thorax 43
3.3.3 The Diaphragm 44
3.3.4 Muscles of the Abdomen 44
3.4 Muscles of the Upper Limb 47
3.4.1 Muscles of the Scapula 47
3.4.2 Muscles of the Upper Arm 48
3.4.3 Muscles of the Forearm 48
3.4.4 Muscles of the Hand 49
3.5 Muscles of the Lower Limb 49
3.5.1 Muscles of the Hip 51
3.5.2 Muscles of the Thigh 53
3.5.3 Muscles of the Leg 53
3.5.4 Muscles of the Foot 54
Part Ⅱ Histology of Locomotor System
Chapter 4 Cartilage and Bone 56
4.1 Cartilage 56
4.1.1 Hyaline Cartilage 56
4.1.2 Elastic Cartilage 58
4.1.3 Fibrocartilage 58
4.2 Bones 58
4.2.1 Osseous Tissues 59
4.2.2 Long Bones 61
4.3 Histogenesis of Bones 62
4.3.1 Intramembranous Ossification 62
4.3.2 Endochondral Ossification 63
4.3.3 Bone Growth and Remodeling 65
4.3.4 Factors Affecting Bone Development 65
Chapter 5 Connective Tissue Proper 66
5.1 Loose Connective Tissues 66
5.1.1 Cells 67
5.1.2 Fibers 70
5.1.3 Ground Substances 73
5.2 Dense Connective Tissues 74
5.3 Adipose Tissues 75
5.3.1 Yellow Adipose Tissue 76
5.3.2 Brown Adipose Tissues 76
5.4 Mucous Tissue 76
5.5 Reticular Tissue 76
Chapter 6 Muscle Tissue 78
6.1 Skeletal Muscle 78
6.1.1 Organization of Skeletal Muscle 78
6.1.2 Histological Features of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 78
6.1.3 Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 79
6.1.4 Mechanism of Contraction 81
6.2 Cardiac Muscle 81
6.2.1 Histological Features of Cardiac Muscle Fibers 81
6.2.2 Ultrastructure of Cardiac Muscle Fibers 82
6.3 Smooth Muscle 83
6.3.1 Histological Features of Smooth Muscle Fibers 83
6.3.2 Ultrastructure of Smooth Muscle Fibers 83
Part Ⅲ Physiology of Locomotor System
Chapter 7 Contraction of Skeletal Muscle 85
7.1 Physiologic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle 85
7.1.1 Myofibrils and Sarcomeres 85
7.1.2 Thick Myofilaments 85
7.1.3 Thin Myofilaments 86
7.2 Molecular Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Contraction 86
7.2.1 Interaction of Myosin and Actin Filaments 87
7.2.2 Cross-Bridge Cycling 87
7.3 Characteristics of Whole Muscle Contraction 88
7.3.1 Preload 88
7.3.2 Afterload 89
7.3.3 Summation 89
Chapter 8 Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation-Contraction Coupling 91
8.1 Transmission of Excitation at the Neuromuscular Junction 91
8.1.1 The Structure of the Neuromuscular Junction 91
8.1.2 Major Processes of Excitation Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction 91
8.1.3 Destruction of the Released Acetylcholine by Acetylcholinesterase 92
8.1.4 Toxins and Drugs Affecting Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction 92
8.2 Excitation-Contraction Coupling 92
8.2.1 Transverse Tubule-Sarcoplasmic Reticulum System 93
8.2.2 Release of Calcium Ions by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum 93
Part Ⅳ Pathology of Locomotor System
Chapter 9 Bone Diseases 95
9.1 Fracture 95
9.1.1 Pathological Process 95
9.1.2 Factors Influencing Fracture Healing 96
9.2 Bone Tumors 96
9.2.1 Osteoma 97
9.2.2 Osteochondroma 97
9.2.3 Osteosarcoma 98
9.2.4 Chondrosarcoma 99
9.2.5 Giant cell tumor of bone 100
9.3 Non-neoplastic Diseases of Bone 100
9.3.1 Osteoporosis 100
9.3.2 Rickets and Osteomalacia 101
Chapter 10 Joint Disorders 103
10.1 Suppurative Arthritis 103
10.1.1 Etiology and Pathogenesis 103
10.1.2 Clinical Features 103
10.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis 103
10.2.1 Morphology 103
10.2.2 Clinical Features 104
10.3 Gout 104
10.3.1 Morphology 104
10.3.2 Clinical Features 105
Part Ⅴ Pharmacology of Locomotor System
Chapter 11 Drugs Used to Treat Osteoporosis 106
11.1 Introduction 106
11.2 Antiresorptive Drugs 106
11.2.1 Bisphosphonates 107
11.2.2 Other Antiresorptive Drugs 107
11.3 Bone-forming Drugs 107
11.4 Mineralization Drugs 107
Chapter 12 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 109
12.1 Introduction 109
12.1.1 Mechanism of NSAID Effects 109
12.1.2 Categories of Drugs 109
12.2 Nonselective COX Inhibitors 110
12.2.1 Salicylic Acid Derivatives 110
12.2.2 Other Nonselective COX Inhibitors 110
12.3 Selective COX-2 Inhibitors 111
Chapter 13 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 112
13.1 Introduction 112
13.2 Depolarizing Muscle Relaxants 112
13.3 Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants 113
13.3.1 D-tubocurarine 113
13.3.2 Other Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants 113
REFERENCES 114
Part Ⅰ Anatomy of Locomotor System
Chapter 1 Anatomy of Bones 1
1.1 General Description 1
1.1.1 Shape and Classification of Bones 1
1.1.2 Bone Marking 2
1.1.3 Structure of Bones 2
1.1.4 Chemical Compositions and Physical Properties of Bones 2
1.1.5 Blood and Nerve Supply of Bones 3
1.1.6 Functions of Bones 3
1.2 Bones of Limbs 3
1.2.1 Bones of the Upper Limb 4
1.2.2 Bones of the Lower Limb 6
1.3 Axial Bones 10
1.3.1 Bones of the Trunk 10
1.3.2 Skull (Cranium) 13
1.3.3 Skull View as a Whole 16
Chapter 2 Anatomy of Joints 22
2.1 General Description 22
2.1.1 Synarthrosis 22
2.1.2 Diarthrosis 22
2.2 Joints of the Skull 25
2.2.1 Fibrous Joints and Cartilaginous Joints of the Skull 25
2.2.2 The Synovial Joint of the Skull 25
2.3 Joints of the Bones of the Trunk 26
2.3.1 Vertebral Column 26
2.3.2 The Whole View of the Vertebral Column and Its Movement 27
2.3.3 The Thoracic Joints 28
2.3.4 The Whole View of the Thoracic Cage and Its Movement 28
2.4 Joints of the Upper and Lower Limbs 29
2.4.1 Joints of the Upper Limb 30
2.4.2 Joints of the Lower Limb 32
Chapter 3 Anatomy of Muscles 38
3.1 Introduction 38
3.1.1 Morphology of Skeletal Muscles 38
3.1.2 Origin, Insertion and Action of Skeletal Muscles 38
3.1.3 Nomenclature of Muscles 39
3.1.4 Supplementary Structures of Muscles 39
3.2 Muscles of the Head and Neck 39
3.2.1 Muscles of the Head 39
3.2.2 Muscles of the Neck 40
3.3 Muscles of the Trunk 40
3.3.1 Muscles of the Back 40
3.3.2 Muscles of the Thorax 43
3.3.3 The Diaphragm 44
3.3.4 Muscles of the Abdomen 44
3.4 Muscles of the Upper Limb 47
3.4.1 Muscles of the Scapula 47
3.4.2 Muscles of the Upper Arm 48
3.4.3 Muscles of the Forearm 48
3.4.4 Muscles of the Hand 49
3.5 Muscles of the Lower Limb 49
3.5.1 Muscles of the Hip 51
3.5.2 Muscles of the Thigh 53
3.5.3 Muscles of the Leg 53
3.5.4 Muscles of the Foot 54
Part Ⅱ Histology of Locomotor System
Chapter 4 Cartilage and Bone 56
4.1 Cartilage 56
4.1.1 Hyaline Cartilage 56
4.1.2 Elastic Cartilage 58
4.1.3 Fibrocartilage 58
4.2 Bones 58
4.2.1 Osseous Tissues 59
4.2.2 Long Bones 61
4.3 Histogenesis of Bones 62
4.3.1 Intramembranous Ossification 62
4.3.2 Endochondral Ossification 63
4.3.3 Bone Growth and Remodeling 65
4.3.4 Factors Affecting Bone Development 65
Chapter 5 Connective Tissue Proper 66
5.1 Loose Connective Tissues 66
5.1.1 Cells 67
5.1.2 Fibers 70
5.1.3 Ground Substances 73
5.2 Dense Connective Tissues 74
5.3 Adipose Tissues 75
5.3.1 Yellow Adipose Tissue 76
5.3.2 Brown Adipose Tissues 76
5.4 Mucous Tissue 76
5.5 Reticular Tissue 76
Chapter 6 Muscle Tissue 78
6.1 Skeletal Muscle 78
6.1.1 Organization of Skeletal Muscle 78
6.1.2 Histological Features of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 78
6.1.3 Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 79
6.1.4 Mechanism of Contraction 81
6.2 Cardiac Muscle 81
6.2.1 Histological Features of Cardiac Muscle Fibers 81
6.2.2 Ultrastructure of Cardiac Muscle Fibers 82
6.3 Smooth Muscle 83
6.3.1 Histological Features of Smooth Muscle Fibers 83
6.3.2 Ultrastructure of Smooth Muscle Fibers 83
Part Ⅲ Physiology of Locomotor System
Chapter 7 Contraction of Skeletal Muscle 85
7.1 Physiologic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle 85
7.1.1 Myofibrils and Sarcomeres 85
7.1.2 Thick Myofilaments 85
7.1.3 Thin Myofilaments 86
7.2 Molecular Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Contraction 86
7.2.1 Interaction of Myosin and Actin Filaments 87
7.2.2 Cross-Bridge Cycling 87
7.3 Characteristics of Whole Muscle Contraction 88
7.3.1 Preload 88
7.3.2 Afterload 89
7.3.3 Summation 89
Chapter 8 Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation-Contraction Coupling 91
8.1 Transmission of Excitation at the Neuromuscular Junction 91
8.1.1 The Structure of the Neuromuscular Junction 91
8.1.2 Major Processes of Excitation Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction 91
8.1.3 Destruction of the Released Acetylcholine by Acetylcholinesterase 92
8.1.4 Toxins and Drugs Affecting Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction 92
8.2 Excitation-Contraction Coupling 92
8.2.1 Transverse Tubule-Sarcoplasmic Reticulum System 93
8.2.2 Release of Calcium Ions by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum 93
Part Ⅳ Pathology of Locomotor System
Chapter 9 Bone Diseases 95
9.1 Fracture 95
9.1.1 Pathological Process 95
9.1.2 Factors Influencing Fracture Healing 96
9.2 Bone Tumors 96
9.2.1 Osteoma 97
9.2.2 Osteochondroma 97
9.2.3 Osteosarcoma 98
9.2.4 Chondrosarcoma 99
9.2.5 Giant cell tumor of bone 100
9.3 Non-neoplastic Diseases of Bone 100
9.3.1 Osteoporosis 100
9.3.2 Rickets and Osteomalacia 101
Chapter 10 Joint Disorders 103
10.1 Suppurative Arthritis 103
10.1.1 Etiology and Pathogenesis 103
10.1.2 Clinical Features 103
10.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis 103
10.2.1 Morphology 103
10.2.2 Clinical Features 104
10.3 Gout 104
10.3.1 Morphology 104
10.3.2 Clinical Features 105
Part Ⅴ Pharmacology of Locomotor System
Chapter 11 Drugs Used to Treat Osteoporosis 106
11.1 Introduction 106
11.2 Antiresorptive Drugs 106
11.2.1 Bisphosphonates 107
11.2.2 Other Antiresorptive Drugs 107
11.3 Bone-forming Drugs 107
11.4 Mineralization Drugs 107
Chapter 12 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 109
12.1 Introduction 109
12.1.1 Mechanism of NSAID Effects 109
12.1.2 Categories of Drugs 109
12.2 Nonselective COX Inhibitors 110
12.2.1 Salicylic Acid Derivatives 110
12.2.2 Other Nonselective COX Inhibitors 110
12.3 Selective COX-2 Inhibitors 111
Chapter 13 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 112
13.1 Introduction 112
13.2 Depolarizing Muscle Relaxants 112
13.3 Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants 113
13.3.1 D-tubocurarine 113
13.3.2 Other Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants 113
REFERENCES 114
