绪论 ················································································································ 1
第1 章 测量误差与数据处理的基本知识 ································································ 7
1.1 测量与有效数字 ···················································································· 7
1.2 误差分类与处理 ···················································································· 9
1.3 测量不确定度的估算 ············································································· 12
1.4 实验数据的处理方法 ············································································· 17
第2 章 基础性实验 ··························································································22
2.0 预备知识 ···························································································· 22
2.0.1 力学预备知识 ············································································· 22
2.0.2 电磁学预备知识 ·········································································· 26
2.0.3 光学预备知识 ············································································· 32
2.1 拉伸法测定金属材料的杨氏模量 ······························································ 35
2.2 气垫导轨实验 ······················································································ 39
2.3 扭摆法测定物体的转动惯量 ···································································· 45
2.4 三线摆法测定物体的转动惯量 ································································· 49
2.5 气体比热容比的测定 ············································································· 53
2.6 稳恒电流场模拟静电场 ·········································································· 56
2.7 电表改装及校准 ··················································································· 61
2.8 直流电桥测电阻 ··················································································· 65
2.9 双臂电桥测低值电阻 ············································································· 70
2.10 示波器的原理和应用 ············································································ 75
2.11 声速的测量 ························································································ 82
2.12 铁磁材料的磁化曲线和磁滞回线的测量 ···················································· 86
2.13 霍尔效应的原理与应用 ········································································· 92
2.14 电磁感应法测量磁场分布 ···································································· 101
2.15 温度传感器的原理与应用 ···································································· 107
2.16 波尔共振 ························································································· 112
2.17 光的等厚干涉 ··················································································· 118
2.18 迈克尔逊干涉仪的调节和使用 ······························································ 123
2.19 分光计的调整及光栅衍射 ···································································· 128
2.20 导热系数的测定 ················································································ 136
2.21 PN 结特性和玻尔兹曼常数的测定 ························································· 142
第3 章 综合性及应用性实验 ············································································ 149
3.1 PASCO 动力学实验 ············································································· 149
3.1.1 碰撞中的动量守恒 ····································································· 149
3.1.2 斜面上的振动 ··········································································· 151
3.2 固体线膨胀系数的测定 ········································································ 155
3.3 PASCO 基础光学实验 ·········································································· 157
3.3.1 光的单缝衍射 ··········································································· 157
3.3.2 光的双缝干涉 ··························································